Petros T V, Norgaard L, Olson K, Tabor L
University of North Dakota.
Psychol Aging. 1989 Jun;4(2):247-50. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.4.2.247.
The present study examined the effects of verbal ability and text genre on adult age differences in sensitivity to the semantic structure of prose. Young and older adults of low or high verbal ability heard narrative and expository passages at different presentation rates. The results demonstrated that older adults recalled less than younger adults and that age differences in recall were larger for low-verbal adults and expository texts. However, subjects from all groups favored the main ideas in their recalls for both types of passages. The results indicated that adult age similarities in the ability to focus on the main ideas when processing prose was not compromised by the verbal ability of the subjects or the organization of the passages used. However, the results also demonstrate how the characteristics of the learner and the characteristics of the text modulate the size of the age differences observed.
本研究考察了语言能力和文本体裁对成年人在散文语义结构敏感性方面年龄差异的影响。语言能力低或高的年轻和年长成年人以不同的呈现速度听取叙述性和说明性篇章。结果表明，年长成年人的回忆量少于年轻成年人，并且对于语言能力低的成年人和说明性文本，回忆中的年龄差异更大。然而，所有组的受试者在回忆这两种类型的篇章时都更倾向于主要观点。结果表明，在处理散文时关注主要观点的能力方面，成年人的年龄相似性不会受到受试者语言能力或所用篇章组织方式的影响。然而，结果也表明了学习者的特征和文本的特征是如何调节所观察到的年龄差异大小的。
