Köhler Alwin, Hurt Ed
Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Oct;8(10):761-73. doi: 10.1038/nrm2255.
The transport of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is fundamental for gene expression. The different RNA species that are produced in the nucleus are exported through the nuclear pore complexes via mobile export receptors. Small RNAs (such as tRNAs and microRNAs) follow relatively simple export routes by binding directly to export receptors. Large RNAs (such as ribosomal RNAs and mRNAs) assemble into complicated ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles and recruit their exporters via class-specific adaptor proteins. Export of mRNAs is unique as it is extensively coupled to transcription (in yeast) and splicing (in metazoa). Understanding the mechanisms that connect RNP formation with export is a major challenge in the field.
RNA分子从细胞核到细胞质的运输是基因表达的基础。在细胞核中产生的不同RNA种类通过移动的输出受体经核孔复合体输出。小RNA（如tRNA和微小RNA）通过直接结合输出受体遵循相对简单的输出途径。大RNA（如核糖体RNA和mRNA）组装成复杂的核糖核蛋白（RNP）颗粒，并通过特定类别的衔接蛋白招募它们的输出因子。mRNA的输出是独特的，因为它在酵母中与转录广泛偶联，在后生动物中与剪接广泛偶联。理解将RNP形成与输出联系起来的机制是该领域的一项重大挑战。
