Marquis D B
Department of Philosophy, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045.
J Med Philos. 1991 Oct;16(5):515-44; discussion 565-70. doi: 10.1093/jmp/16.5.515.
Recent discussions of the doctrine of double effect have contained improved versions of the doctrine not subject to some of the difficulties of earlier versions. There is no longer one doctrine of double effect. This essay evaluates four versions of the doctrine: two formulations of the traditional Catholic doctrine, Joseph Boyle's revision of that doctrine, and Warren Quinn's version of the doctrine. I conclude that all of these versions are flawed.
最近关于双重效应学说的讨论包含了该学说的改进版本，这些版本不存在早期版本所面临的一些困难。现在不再只有一种双重效应学说。本文评估了该学说的四个版本：传统天主教教义的两种表述、约瑟夫·博伊尔对该教义的修订，以及沃伦·奎因的该教义版本。我的结论是，所有这些版本都存在缺陷。
