Passos Carlos José Sousa, Da Silva Delaine Sampaio, Lemire Mélanie, Fillion Myriam, Guimarães Jean Rémy Davée, Lucotte Marc, Mergler Donna
Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur la biologie, la santé, la société et l'environnement (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2008 Jan;18(1):76-87. doi: 10.1038/sj.jes.7500599. Epub 2007 Sep 5.
Although high levels of fish consumption and bioindicators of mercury exposure have been reported for traditional populations in the Amazon, little is known about their actual daily intake of Hg. Using an ecosystem approach, calculate daily mercury intake in adult fish-eaters, examine the relations between mercury intake and bioindicators of exposure and the factors that influence these relations. A cross-sectional dietary survey on fish and fruit consumption frequency was carried out with 256 persons from six villages of the Tapajós River. Fish portion per meal was determined. Mercury concentration was determined for 1123 local fish specimens. Daily mercury intake (microg/kg/day) was determined for men and women from each village using the average fish-mercury concentration for the fish caught in their fishing zone, the average quantity of fish per meal, fish-species frequency consumption and participants' body weight. Fish-mercury averaged 0.33 microg/g+/-0.33. Daily mercury intake varied between 0 and 11.8 microg/kg/day (mean 0.92 microg/kg/day+/-0.89) and varied by gender and village. Mean blood- and hair-mercury were 58.7+/-36.1 microg/l and 17.9+/-11.5 microg/g, respectively. There was a strong and positive relation between blood-mercury and daily mercury intake, with an inverse relation for fruit intake and schooling; significant variations were observed with immigrant status, and among villages. Hair-mercury was directly associated with daily mercury intake and inversely related to schooling and fruit consumption. Fruit consumption modified the relation between daily mercury intake and blood-mercury levels: for the same daily mercury intake, persons eating more fruit had lower blood-mercury concentrations (ANCOVA Interaction term: F=10.9, P<0.0001). The median difference of the ratio of blood-mercury to daily mercury intake between low and high fruit consumers was 26, representing a 26.3% reduction. These findings reveal high levels of daily mercury intake. Rigorous studies for developing risk-based reference doses in the Amazon should be undertaken to orient viable risk-management strategies to reduce exposure, while maintaining fish diet.
尽管已有报告称亚马逊地区的传统人群鱼类消费量高且汞暴露生物指标偏高，但对于他们实际的每日汞摄入量却知之甚少。采用生态系统方法，计算成年食鱼者的每日汞摄入量，研究汞摄入量与暴露生物指标之间的关系以及影响这些关系的因素。对来自塔帕若斯河六个村庄的256人进行了关于鱼类和水果消费频率的横断面饮食调查。确定了每餐的鱼量。测定了1123份当地鱼类样本的汞浓度。利用其捕鱼区域捕获鱼类的平均鱼汞浓度、每餐鱼的平均量、鱼类品种消费频率和参与者体重，确定了每个村庄男性和女性的每日汞摄入量（微克/千克/天）。鱼汞平均为0.33微克/克±0.33。每日汞摄入量在0至11.8微克/千克/天之间（平均0.92微克/千克/天±0.89），且因性别和村庄而异。平均血汞和发汞分别为58.7±36.1微克/升和17.9±11.5微克/克。血汞与每日汞摄入量之间存在强烈的正相关关系，水果摄入量和受教育程度与之呈负相关关系；在移民身份和村庄之间观察到显著差异。发汞与每日汞摄入量直接相关，与受教育程度和水果消费呈负相关。水果消费改变了每日汞摄入量与血汞水平之间的关系：在每日汞摄入量相同的情况下，吃更多水果的人血汞浓度较低（协方差分析交互项：F = 10.9，P < 0.0001）。水果消费量低和高的人群血汞与每日汞摄入量之比的中位数差异为26，降幅为26.3%。这些发现揭示了每日汞摄入量很高。应在亚马逊地区开展严格研究以制定基于风险的参考剂量，从而指导可行的风险管理策略以减少暴露，同时维持鱼类饮食。
