Dórea José G, de Souza Jurandir R, Rodrigues Patricia, Ferrari Iris, Barbosa Antonio C
Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, C.P. 04322, 70919-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Environ Res. 2005 Feb;97(2):209-19. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2004.04.007.
Fish is an important natural resource in the diet of inhabitants of the Amazon rain forest and a marker of its consumption (hair Hg) was used to compare selected cardiovascular risk parameters between tribes of Eastern Amazonia. Three Munduruku (Terra Preta, Kaburua, Cururu) villages and one Kayabi village at the banks of head rivers (Tapajos, Tropas, Kabitutu, Cururu, Curuzinho, Teles Pires) of the Tapajos Basin were studied in relation to fish Hg concentrations, mercury in hair (fish consumption) and erythrocytes, body mass index (height/weight, kg/cm2), and blood pressure. The mean fish Hg concentrations were higher in predatory (578.6 ng/g) than in nonpredatory species (52.8 ng/g). Overall only 26% of fish Hg concentrations were above 500 ng/g, and only 11% were above 1000 ng/g. There was no systematic trend in fish Hg concentrations from rivers with a history of gold-mining activities. The biomarker of fish consumption (hair Hg) was significantly associated with erythrocyte-Hg (r=0.5181; P=0.0001) and was significantly higher in Kayabi (12.7 microg/g) than in the Munduruku (3.4 microg/g). Biomarker-assessed fish consumption rate was higher in the Kayabi (110 g/day) than in the Munduruku villages (30 g/day). Although no significant differences in body mass index (BMI) were observed between tribes, there was a trend of lower increase in blood pressure with age among the higher fish consumers (Kayabi). Summary clinical evaluation did not detect neurologic complaints compatible with Hg intoxication (paraparesis, numbness, tremor, balancing failure), but endemic tropical diseases such as clinical history of malaria showed a high prevalence (55.4%). Fish is an abundant natural resource, important in the Indian diet, that has been historically consumed without perceived problems and can easily be traced through hair Hg. The exposure to freshwater fish monomethyl mercury is less of an issue than endemic infectious diseases such as malaria and lack of basic medical services.
鱼类是亚马逊雨林居民饮食中的一种重要自然资源，并且其消费标志物（头发汞含量）被用于比较亚马逊东部各部落之间选定的心血管风险参数。研究了塔帕若斯河流域源头河流（塔帕若斯河、特罗帕斯河、卡比图图河、库鲁鲁河、库鲁齐尼奥河、特莱斯皮雷斯河）沿岸的三个蒙杜鲁库（黑土、卡布卢阿、库鲁鲁）村庄和一个卡亚比村庄的鱼类汞浓度、头发中的汞（鱼类消费量）、红细胞中的汞、体重指数（身高/体重，kg/cm²）以及血压。掠食性鱼类的平均汞浓度（578.6纳克/克）高于非掠食性鱼类（52.8纳克/克）。总体而言，只有26%的鱼类汞浓度高于500纳克/克，仅有11%高于1000纳克/克。在有金矿开采活动历史的河流中，鱼类汞浓度没有系统的变化趋势。鱼类消费标志物（头发汞含量）与红细胞汞含量显著相关（r = 0.5181；P = 0.0001），并且在卡亚比人中（12.7微克/克）显著高于蒙杜鲁库人（3.4微克/克）。通过生物标志物评估的鱼类消费率在卡亚比人中（110克/天）高于蒙杜鲁库村庄（30克/天）。尽管各部落之间未观察到体重指数（BMI）有显著差异，但在鱼类消费量较高的人群（卡亚比人）中，随着年龄增长血压升高的趋势较低。总结临床评估未检测到与汞中毒相符的神经学症状（双下肢轻瘫、麻木、震颤、平衡失调），但疟疾临床病史等地方性热带疾病的患病率很高（55.4%）。鱼类是一种丰富的自然资源，在印第安人的饮食中很重要，长期以来食用鱼类并未察觉到问题，并且可以通过头发汞含量轻易追踪。与疟疾等地方性传染病以及缺乏基本医疗服务相比，淡水鱼甲基汞暴露问题较小。
