Chang H N, Furusaki S
Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul.
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 1991;44:27-64. doi: 10.1007/BFb0000747.
Membrane bioreactors have a very handy in-situ separation capability lacking in other types of bioreactors. Combining various functions of membrane separations and biocatalyst characteristics of enzymes, microbial cells, organelles, animal and plant tissues can generate quite a number of membrane bioreactor systems. The cell retaining property of membranes and selective removal of inhibitory byproducts makes high cell density culture possible and utilizes enzyme catalytic activity better, which leads to high productivity of bioreactors. Enzyme reactions utilizing cofactors and hydrolysis of macromolecules are advantageous in membrane bioreactors. Anaerobic cell culture may be efficiently carried out in membrane cell recycle systems, while aerobic cultures work well in dual hollow fiber reactors. Animal and plant cells have much a better chance of success in membrane reactors because of the protective environment of the reactor and the small oxygen uptake rate of these cells. Industrial use of these reactors are still in its infancy and limited to enzyme and animal tissue culture, but applications will expand as existing problems are resolved.
膜生物反应器具有其他类型生物反应器所缺乏的非常便捷的原位分离能力。结合膜分离的各种功能以及酶、微生物细胞、细胞器、动植物组织的生物催化剂特性，可以产生相当多的膜生物反应器系统。膜的细胞保留特性和对抑制性副产物的选择性去除使得高细胞密度培养成为可能，并能更好地利用酶的催化活性，从而提高生物反应器的生产率。利用辅因子的酶反应和大分子的水解在膜生物反应器中具有优势。厌氧细胞培养可以在膜细胞循环系统中高效进行，而好氧培养在双中空纤维反应器中效果良好。由于反应器的保护环境以及这些细胞较低的氧气摄取率，动植物细胞在膜反应器中成功的机会要大得多。这些反应器的工业应用仍处于起步阶段，仅限于酶和动物组织培养，但随着现有问题的解决，应用将会扩大。
