Pink M, Perry J, Browne A, Scovazzo M L, Kerrigan J
Biomechanics Laboratory, Centinela Hospital Medical Center, Inglewood, California 90301.
Am J Sports Med. 1991 Nov-Dec;19(6):569-76. doi: 10.1177/036354659101900603.
The shoulder in swimming is subjected to multiple factors that can lead to a high injury rate. To prevent injury, one must understand the biomechanics of swimming. This paper describes the electromyographic and cinematographic findings of 12 shoulder muscles in competitive swimmers without shoulder pain. The results show the three heads of the deltoid and the supraspinatus functioning in synchrony to place the arm at hand entry and exit, the rhomboids and upper trapezius to position the scapula for the arm, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi to propel the body, the subscapularis and serratus anterior as muscles with constant muscle activity, the teres minor functioning with the pectoralis major, and the infraspinatus active only to externally rotate the arm at midrecovery. This information is important to design optimal preventative and rehabilitative exercise programs.
游泳时肩部会受到多种因素影响，这些因素可能导致较高的受伤率。为预防受伤，必须了解游泳的生物力学原理。本文描述了12块肩部肌肉在无肩部疼痛的竞技游泳运动员中的肌电图和电影摄影结果。结果显示，三角肌的三个头和冈上肌在手臂入水和出水时同步发挥作用，菱形肌和上斜方肌为手臂定位肩胛骨，胸大肌和背阔肌推动身体，肩胛下肌和前锯肌肌肉活动持续，小圆肌与胸大肌协同作用，而冈下肌仅在恢复中期使手臂外旋时活跃。这些信息对于设计最佳的预防和康复锻炼计划很重要。
