Theologides A
Am J Clin Nutr. 1976 May;29(5):552-8. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/29.5.552.
Major phases of the physiology of food intake regulation remain hypothetical. There is a central regulatory mechanism for hunger and satiety, but the signals and messages that activate the brain centers remain conjectural. The alimentary tract regulation, the regulation by osmoreceptors, the thermostatic, the glucostatic, the lipostatic, the amino acid, and the hormonal food intake regulation theories leave many questions unanswered. Low molecular weight peptides appear to have an important effect on brain functions. Hypothalamic peptides such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and somatostatin have been assigned new roles in various brain functions. The hypothalamus and probably other parts of the brain produce also anorexigenic peptides. Anorexia is a common manifestation of cancer. It is proposed that peptides, oligonucleotides, and other small metabolites produced by the cancer and by the tumor-bearing host are responsible for the genesis of the anorexia. They produce the anorexia through a peripheral effect on neuroendocrine cells and neuroreceptors and through a direct effect on hypothalamic and other central nervous system sensor and responder cells.
食物摄入调节生理学的主要阶段仍属假设。存在饥饿和饱腹感的中枢调节机制，但激活脑中枢的信号和信息仍不确定。消化道调节、渗透压感受器调节、体温调节、血糖调节、脂肪调节、氨基酸调节以及激素性食物摄入调节理论留下了许多未解答的问题。低分子量肽似乎对脑功能有重要影响。下丘脑肽如促甲状腺激素释放激素、促性腺激素释放激素和生长抑素在各种脑功能中被赋予了新的作用。下丘脑以及可能脑的其他部分也产生厌食性肽。厌食是癌症的常见表现。有人提出，癌症和荷瘤宿主产生的肽、寡核苷酸和其他小代谢产物是厌食症发生的原因。它们通过对神经内分泌细胞和神经受体的外周作用以及对下丘脑和其他中枢神经系统传感和反应细胞的直接作用产生厌食。
