Winston Flaura K, Erkoboni Danielle, Xie Dawei
The Center for Injury Research and Prevention at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
J Trauma. 2007 Sep;63(3 Suppl):S29-38. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31812f5ebb.
Many parents with low educational attainment prematurely graduate their children to seat belt restraint rather than use belt-positioning booster seats. This study aimed to identify interventions that promoted booster seat use among this population.
This multi-site study used focus groups to elicit contributing factors to booster seat non-use, which informed subsequent intervention development. A first phase (10 focus groups, N = 117) identified parents' perceived barriers, benefits, and threats relating to belt-positioning booster seats. These findings were used to identify existing and create new interventions. A second phase (20 focus groups, n = 171) elicited parent's reactions to these interventions and provided parents with belt-positioning booster seats and education on their use. Follow-up interviews were conducted six weeks later.
Lack of education and fear of injury were the primary barriers to belt-positioning booster seat use. Parents were motivated by interventions that provided them with clear, concrete messaging relating to use. Parents favored the intervention that presented a real story detailing a child's severe injury that could have been prevented with appropriate restraint. At follow-up, parents credited this intervention with motivating booster seat use most often. Although parent's cited their child's lack of comfort and non-compliance as barriers to use, they were not as motivated by interventions that addressed these barriers.
Effective intervention programs can be created by identifying and addressing factors that contribute to a population's intention to use belt-positioning booster seats. In addition, successful programs must utilize messages that motivate the target population by addressing their perceived threats to booster seat non-use.
许多受教育程度较低的父母过早地让孩子使用安全带约束装置，而不是使用带定位增高座椅。本研究旨在确定能促进这一人群使用增高座椅的干预措施。
这项多地点研究采用焦点小组来找出导致不使用增高座椅的因素，为后续干预措施的制定提供依据。第一阶段（10个焦点小组，N = 117）确定了父母对带定位增高座椅的感知障碍、益处和威胁。这些发现被用于确定现有的干预措施并创造新的干预措施。第二阶段（20个焦点小组，n = 171）了解父母对这些干预措施的反应，并为父母提供带定位增高座椅及使用方面的教育。六周后进行随访访谈。
缺乏教育和对受伤的恐惧是使用带定位增高座椅的主要障碍。为父母提供与使用相关的清晰、具体信息的干预措施能激发他们的积极性。父母青睐呈现一个真实故事的干预措施，该故事详细描述了一个孩子如果使用适当的约束装置本可避免的重伤。在随访中，父母最常将使用增高座椅的积极性归功于这一干预措施。尽管父母将孩子不舒服和不配合作为使用的障碍，但解决这些障碍的干预措施并没有同样激发他们的积极性。
通过识别和解决导致人群使用带定位增高座椅意愿的因素，可以创建有效的干预项目。此外，成功的项目必须利用能通过解决目标人群对不使用增高座椅的感知威胁来激励他们的信息。
