Ehiri John E, Ejere Henry O D, Hazen Alyson E, Emusu Donath, King William D, Osberg Scott J
Department of Maternal & Child Health, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35429-0022, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2006 Aug;31(2):185-92. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.03.020. Epub 2006 Jun 12.
In children aged 4 to 8 years, booster seats are estimated to reduce by 59% the odds of sustaining clinically significant injuries during a motor vehicle crash, compared to using ordinary vehicle seat belts. Given the safety benefits of booster seats, public health and traffic safety agencies recommend their use for children aged 4 to 8 years traveling in motor vehicles, until the vehicle seat belt can fit them properly. Despite these benefits, booster seat use remains low. Interventions aimed at promoting the use of booster seats for children aged 4 to 8 years have been implemented, but there is little evidence regarding their effects.
The Cochrane methodology was used to assess the effects of interventions to increase booster seat use for children aged 4 to 8 years. The reviewers searched online databases, scanned reference lists, hand-searched journals, and contacted relevant agencies and researchers for both randomized controlled trials and controlled before-and-after evaluation studies. The search concluded in 2005 and was not restricted by publication status or language.
The search yielded 1350 potential studies. Of these, five studies involving 3070 individuals met the inclusion criteria. Interventions were generally effective in increasing booster seat use among children aged 4 to 8 years. Education paired with incentive or distribution programs produced more consistent results than education-only interventions that targeted parents, children, or both.
Incentives or the distribution of free booster seats combined with education increase the use of booster seats.
据估计，对于4至8岁的儿童，与使用普通车辆安全带相比，增高座椅可将机动车碰撞中遭受具有临床意义损伤的几率降低59%。鉴于增高座椅的安全益处，公共卫生和交通安全机构建议4至8岁儿童在乘坐机动车时使用增高座椅，直至车辆安全带能合适地佩戴在他们身上。尽管有这些益处，但增高座椅的使用率仍然很低。已实施了旨在促进4至8岁儿童使用增高座椅的干预措施，但关于其效果的证据很少。
采用Cochrane方法来评估增加4至8岁儿童增高座椅使用率的干预措施的效果。综述作者检索了在线数据库、查阅了参考文献列表、手工检索了期刊，并联系了相关机构和研究人员以获取随机对照试验和前后对照评估研究。检索于2005年结束，不受出版状态或语言的限制。
检索共得到1350项潜在研究。其中，五项涉及3070名个体的研究符合纳入标准。干预措施通常能有效提高4至8岁儿童增高座椅的使用率。与仅针对父母、儿童或两者的纯教育干预措施相比，教育与激励或分发计划相结合产生的结果更一致。
激励措施或免费增高座椅的分发与教育相结合可提高增高座椅的使用率。
