Haagsma J
Department of Bacteriology, Central Veterinary Institute, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
Rev Sci Tech. 1991 Sep;10(3):749-64. doi: 10.20506/rst.10.3.569.
The distribution of pathogenic anaerobes in the environment and the relationship with diseases in animals are discussed. A distinction between the spore-bearing anaerobes (clostridia) and the Gram-negative non-spore-forming anaerobes is necessary. The main habitat of clostridia is the soil but they are also found in dust, sewage, rivers, lakes, sea water, milk, vegetables, fresh meat, fish, insects and the intestinal tract. The Gram-negative non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria are also widely distributed among animals, principally on mucous membranes of the alimentary tract. After a general introduction and a section on the isolation of anaerobes, the various diseases caused by clostridia (botulism, tetanus, blackleg, malignant oedema, infectious necrotic hepatitis, enterotoxaemia and gas gangrene) and Gram-negative anaerobes (infections due to Fusobacterium and Bacteroides spp., such as diphtheria, footrot, etc.) are discussed. In particular, information concerning the reservoir of the causative agent and the mode of transmission is presented.
本文讨论了致病性厌氧菌在环境中的分布及其与动物疾病的关系。有必要区分产芽孢厌氧菌（梭菌属）和革兰氏阴性无芽孢厌氧菌。梭菌属的主要栖息地是土壤，但也存在于灰尘、污水、河流、湖泊、海水、牛奶、蔬菜、鲜肉、鱼类、昆虫和肠道中。革兰氏阴性无芽孢厌氧菌在动物中也广泛分布，主要存在于消化道黏膜上。在对厌氧菌进行一般性介绍和关于厌氧菌分离的章节之后，讨论了由梭菌属（肉毒中毒、破伤风、黑腿病、恶性水肿、传染性坏死性肝炎、肠毒血症和气性坏疽）和革兰氏阴性厌氧菌（由梭杆菌属和拟杆菌属引起的感染，如白喉、腐蹄病等）引起的各种疾病。特别介绍了病原体的储存宿主和传播方式的相关信息。
