Munteanu Adelina, Zingg Jean-Marc
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania.
Mol Aspects Med. 2007 Oct-Dec;28(5-6):538-90. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2007.07.001. Epub 2007 Aug 3.
Randomised clinical trials and epidemiologic studies addressing the preventive effects of vitamin E supplementation against cardiovascular disease reported both positive and negative effects, and recent meta-analyses of the clinical studies were rather disappointing. In contrast to that, many animal studies clearly show a preventive action of vitamin E in several experimental settings, which can be explained by the molecular and cellular effects of vitamin E observed in cell cultures. This review is focusing on the molecular effects of vitamin E on the cells playing a role during atherosclerosis, in particular on the endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, monocytes/macrophages, T cells, and mast cells. Vitamin E may act by normalizing aberrant signal transduction and gene expression in antioxidant and non-antioxidant manners; in particular, over-expression of scavenger receptors and consequent foam cell formation can be prevented by vitamin E. In addition to that, the cellular effects of alpha-tocopheryl phosphate and of EPC-K1, a composite molecule between alpha-tocopheryl phosphate and l-ascorbic acid, are summarized.
针对补充维生素E对心血管疾病预防作用的随机临床试验和流行病学研究报告了正反两方面的结果，近期对临床研究的荟萃分析结果相当令人失望。与此形成对比的是，许多动物研究清楚地表明，在多种实验环境下维生素E具有预防作用，这可以通过在细胞培养中观察到的维生素E的分子和细胞效应来解释。本综述聚焦于维生素E对动脉粥样硬化过程中起作用的细胞的分子效应，特别是对内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞、单核细胞/巨噬细胞、T细胞和肥大细胞的作用。维生素E可能通过以抗氧化和非抗氧化方式使异常的信号转导和基因表达正常化来发挥作用；特别是，维生素E可以防止清道夫受体的过度表达以及随之而来的泡沫细胞形成。除此之外，还总结了α-生育酚磷酸酯以及α-生育酚磷酸酯与L-抗坏血酸之间的复合分子EPC-K1的细胞效应。
