Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Sf. Spiridon", 700111 Iasi, Romania.
1st Medical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Molecules. 2020 Apr 9;25(7):1717. doi: 10.3390/molecules25071717.
Micronutrients, especially vitamins, play an important role in the evolution of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It has been speculated that additional intake of vitamins may reduce the CVD burden by acting on the inflammatory and oxidative response starting from early stages of atherosclerosis, when the vascular impairment might still be reversible or, at least, slowed down. The current review assesses the role of major vitamins on subclinical atherosclerosis process and the potential clinical implications in patients without CVD. We have comprehensively examined the literature data for the major vitamins: A, B group, C, D, and E, respectively. Most data are based on vitamin E, D and C supplementation, while vitamins A and B have been scarcely examined for the subclinical atherosclerosis action. Though the fundamental premise was optimistic, the up-to-date trials with vitamin supplementation revealed divergent results on subclinical atherosclerosis improvement, both in healthy subjects and patients with CVD, while the long-term effect seems minimal. Thus, there are no conclusive data on the prevention and progression of atherosclerosis based on vitamin supplementation. However, given their enormous potential, future trials are certainly needed for a more tailored CVD prevention focusing on early stages as subclinical atherosclerosis.
微量营养素，尤其是维生素，在心血管疾病（CVD）的发生发展中起着重要作用。人们推测，额外摄入维生素可能通过在动脉粥样硬化的早期阶段发挥作用，减轻 CVD 负担，此时血管损伤仍然可能是可逆的，或者至少可以减缓。本综述评估了主要维生素在亚临床动脉粥样硬化过程中的作用及其在无 CVD 患者中的潜在临床意义。我们分别对主要维生素 A、B 族、C、D 和 E 的文献数据进行了全面检查。大多数数据基于维生素 E、D 和 C 的补充，而维生素 A 和 B 在亚临床动脉粥样硬化作用方面几乎没有被研究过。尽管基本前提是乐观的，但目前维生素补充的临床试验在改善亚临床动脉粥样硬化方面显示出不同的结果，无论是在健康受试者还是 CVD 患者中，而长期效果似乎很小。因此，基于维生素补充预防和进展动脉粥样硬化方面尚无确凿的数据。然而，鉴于其巨大的潜力，未来的试验肯定需要针对亚临床动脉粥样硬化等早期阶段进行更有针对性的 CVD 预防。
