Rao Shobha Suryaprakasa, Kale Anvita Anand, Joshi Sadhana Ramchandra, Mahadik Sahebarao Prabhu
Animal Science Division, Biometry and Nutrition Unit, Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune, India.
Reprod Toxicol. 2007 Nov-Dec;24(3-4):333-42. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.07.007. Epub 2007 Jul 28.
There is growing interest in the role omega 3 fatty acids (n3), in promoting fetal growth. Present study examined whether alpha linolenic acid, primary vegetarian dietary omega 3 fatty acid source and precursor to cellular membrane phospholipid eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, can improve birth outcome. Pregnant dams from three groups (seven in each) were fed: control diet (18% protein with 7% soybean oil, normal alpha linolenic acid), or two treatment diets at marginal protein level of 12%; one with 7% soybean oil (Treatment I, normal alpha linolenic acid), and other with 3% flax oil and 4% soybean oil (Treatment II, four times normal alpha linolenic acid) during gestation. There was a reduction in litter size and litter weight (p<0.05) at birth in the Treatment II group as compared to the Control group. Alpha linolenic acid (p<0.05), eicosapentaenoic acid (p<0.05) levels increased while arachidonic acid levels (p<0.05) reduced in gastric milk at birth and blood at end of lactation in Treatment II as compared to Treatment I group. Brain fatty acid levels showed reduction (p<0.05) only in docosahexaenoic acid levels in dams from Treatment I and Treatment II, at the end of lactation. Results suggest sensitivity of fetus and pups for excess levels of alpha linolenic acid 'in a diet at marginal protein level'.
人们对ω-3脂肪酸（n3）在促进胎儿生长方面的作用越来越感兴趣。本研究探讨了α-亚麻酸（素食饮食中ω-3脂肪酸的主要来源，也是细胞膜磷脂中二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的前体）是否能改善出生结局。将三组怀孕母鼠（每组7只）分别喂食：对照饮食（含18%蛋白质和7%大豆油，α-亚麻酸正常），或两种蛋白质水平为12%的低蛋白治疗饮食；一种含7%大豆油（治疗I组，α-亚麻酸正常），另一种含3%亚麻油和4%大豆油（治疗II组，α-亚麻酸为正常水平的四倍），在妊娠期进行喂食。与对照组相比，治疗II组出生时的窝仔数和窝仔体重有所减少（p<0.05）。与治疗I组相比，治疗II组出生时胃内乳汁和哺乳期结束时血液中的α-亚麻酸（p<0.05）、二十碳五烯酸（p<0.05）水平升高，而花生四烯酸水平（p<0.05）降低。在哺乳期结束时，仅治疗I组和治疗II组母鼠脑中的二十二碳六烯酸水平显示降低（p<0.05）。结果表明，在“低蛋白水平饮食”中，胎儿和幼崽对过量的α-亚麻酸敏感。
