Abu-Lafi Saleh, Odeh Imad, Dewik Hasan, Qabajah Mohammed, Hanus L O, Dembitsky V M
Chemistry and Chemical Technology Department, Al-Quds University, PO Box 20002, Abu-Deis, Palestine.
Bioresour Technol. 2008 Jun;99(9):3914-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.042. Epub 2007 Sep 10.
Majorana syriaca (Zaatar in Arabic), belonging to the mint family, Labiates, is cultivated widely and grows wild in the mountains of Palestine between the months April to August. In order to determine the secondary metabolites from wild leaves of Palestinian M. syriaca, comparative analysis by static headspace (HS) and steam distillation (SD) GC-MS was used. Among the samples examined, the major constituents identified varied greatly throughout the different harvesting periods. Headspace revealed major volatiles and semi-volatiles of alpha-pinene, beta-myrecene, o-cymene, p-cymene, gamma-terpinene, thymol, and carvacrol. We found that the most abundant monoterpenes, i.e. gamma-terpinene and p-cymene were decreased in the month of May since they are the biogenetic precursors (via enzymic hydroxylation) of the phenolic terpenes, thymol and carvacrol. The harvesting time, location and the thyme type (i.e., wild) affects the yield of essential oils as reflected by normal steam distillation.
叙利亚马郁兰（阿拉伯语称扎塔尔）属于唇形科薄荷属植物，广泛种植于巴勒斯坦山区，4月至8月间在野外生长。为了确定巴勒斯坦叙利亚马郁兰野生叶片中的次生代谢产物，采用静态顶空（HS）和水蒸气蒸馏（SD）气相色谱 - 质谱联用进行对比分析。在所检测的样本中，不同收获期鉴定出的主要成分差异很大。顶空分析显示主要挥发性和半挥发性成分有α-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、邻伞花烃、对伞花烃、γ-萜品烯、百里香酚和香芹酚。我们发现，5月份含量最丰富的单萜类化合物，即γ-萜品烯和对伞花烃减少了，因为它们是酚类萜类化合物百里香酚和香芹酚的生物合成前体（通过酶促羟基化）。收获时间、地点和百里香类型（即野生）会影响水蒸气蒸馏所反映的精油产量。
