Henriksen Hege Berg, Kolset Svein Olav
Avdeling for ernaeringsvitenskap, Universitetet i Oslo, Postboks 1046 Blindern, 0316 Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2007 Sep 6;127(17):2259-62.
Sugar is present in simple forms such as sucrose, lactose and fructose, and in the more complex forms starch and fibre. Complex carbohydrates in foods like vegetables and less refined grain products provide energy and important additions of vitamins, minerals and fibre. We have reviewed the effects of sugars on overweight, diabetes Type 2 and caries, and the intake of carbohydrates in simple and complex forms in the Norwegian population.
Literature was found in the databases PubMed and Bibsys, and in public statistics.
Sugars in beverages and candy only contribute with energy that can lead to an increased amount of fat in the body. High sugar intakes contribute to development of overweight, diabetes type 2 and caries. Glucose from sucrose and starch increase blood glucose levels and stimulate insulin secretion. Lack of insulin response after fructose intake can result in adverse effects on lipid metabolism and satiety regulation. Norway is one of the countries in the world with the highest intake of sweetened beverages. Preventive health measures aimed at decreasing sugar intake in pre-school and school children must include increased availability of fruits and vegetables, water and better canteens. The increased sugar intake among adolescents requires measures from politicians and authorities.
糖以简单形式存在，如蔗糖、乳糖和果糖，也以更复杂的形式存在，如淀粉和纤维。蔬菜和粗加工谷物产品等食物中的复合碳水化合物能提供能量，并补充重要的维生素、矿物质和纤维。我们综述了糖对超重、2型糖尿病和龋齿的影响，以及挪威人群中简单和复杂形式碳水化合物的摄入量。
在PubMed和Bibsys数据库以及公共统计数据中查找文献。
饮料和糖果中的糖仅提供能量，可能导致体内脂肪增加。高糖摄入会导致超重、2型糖尿病和龋齿。蔗糖和淀粉中的葡萄糖会升高血糖水平并刺激胰岛素分泌。摄入果糖后缺乏胰岛素反应可能会对脂质代谢和饱腹感调节产生不利影响。挪威是世界上甜味饮料摄入量最高的国家之一。旨在减少学龄前儿童和学童糖摄入量的预防性健康措施必须包括增加水果、蔬菜、水的供应，并改善食堂。青少年糖摄入量的增加需要政治家和当局采取措施。
