Rubio María A, Lissi Eduardo, Jorquera Hector, Salinas Elizabeth, Castro Julio, Cádiz Marcela
Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, 33 Santiago, Chile.
Environ Monit Assess. 2008 May;140(1-3):161-73. doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-9857-1. Epub 2007 Sep 9.
Carbon monoxide concentrations were measured at ground level (1 m) near heavy traffic streets in downtown Santiago de Chile in periods of low (November and December), intermediate (April) and high (May) ambient concentrations. Also, measurements were carried out at several heights (from 1 to 127 m) in Santiago's main street during winter time. Measurements carried out at ground level show maximum values during the morning rush hour, with values considerably higher than those reported by the urban air quality network, particularly in summer time. However, the measured values are below air quality standards. Vertical CO profiles were measured in a tower located in the center of downtown. Below 40 m (average altitude of neighboring buildings), the profiles do not show a consistent vertical gradient, with CO concentrations increasing or decreasing with height, regardless of atmospheric stability. In this low altitude range, the observed vertical profiles are poorly predicted by a street canyon model, and the measured concentrations can not be described by a simple exponential decay. At higher altitudes (40 and 127 m) a negative gradient in CO concentrations is observed, both for stable and unstable atmospheric conditions. The values of CO measured at 127 m are relatively well described by an Eulerian dispersion model running with current CO emission inventories for Santiago, although this model tends to predict stepper CO gradients than the observed ones.
在智利圣地亚哥市中心交通繁忙街道附近，于低（11月和12月）、中（4月）、高（5月）不同环境浓度时段，对地面（1米高度）一氧化碳浓度进行了测量。此外，在冬季还对圣地亚哥主要街道不同高度（从1米至127米）进行了测量。地面测量结果显示，早高峰时段一氧化碳浓度最高，其值远高于城市空气质量监测网络报告的值，尤其是在夏季。不过，测量值仍低于空气质量标准。在市中心一座塔楼中测量了一氧化碳的垂直分布情况。在40米以下（邻近建筑物的平均高度），垂直分布未呈现出一致的垂直梯度，一氧化碳浓度随高度增加或降低，与大气稳定性无关。在此低空范围内，街道峡谷模型对观测到的垂直分布预测效果不佳，测量浓度也无法用简单的指数衰减来描述。在较高海拔（40米和127米），无论大气稳定与否，均观测到一氧化碳浓度呈负梯度。利用圣地亚哥当前一氧化碳排放清单运行的欧拉扩散模型，对127米处测量的一氧化碳值描述相对较好，不过该模型往往比观测到的一氧化碳梯度预测得更陡。
