Department of Geographical Engineering, University of Santiago de Chile, Avda. L. B. O'Higgins 3363 Estación Central, Santiago, Chile.
Environ Monit Assess. 2010 Aug;167(1-4):165-73. doi: 10.1007/s10661-009-1039-x. Epub 2009 Jun 19.
The Metropolitan Region of Santiago has been declared as nonattainment area for carbon monoxide (CO). The data was based on seven air monitoring stations that do not necessarily represent the real population exposure. Usually, a series of coefficients that relates the concentration of pollutants with health effects (betas of the concentration-response equations) are used. For the calculation of these betas, normally, a city average air pollution concentration is used; nevertheless, these betas do not necessarily represent the real risk of exposure that the inhabitants are experimented. For this reason, this study estimates two aspects that are unknown and that are necessary to policymakers in public health decisions. First, estimate the exposure at a lower spatial resolution level and, second, estimate a concentration-response curve that differs spatially and depends on the proportion of susceptible groups. We followed the Air Pollution and Health, European Approach/Spanish Multicenter Study on the Relationship Between Air Pollution and the Mortality methodology for the determination of the short-term health effect due to CO population exposure at the three spatial levels (city, zone, and county). We found that there are different risks in cardiorespiratory mortality in the group over 64 years old associated to an unequal exposure to CO in Santiago city. The higher risks are in counties located to the south-east of the city. These finding confirm the necessity to face, in a different way, the approach when evaluating control strategies and policy decision to control air pollution in Santiago.
圣地亚哥大都市区已被宣布为一氧化碳（CO）未达标地区。该数据基于七个空气质量监测站，但这些监测站并不一定代表真实的人口暴露情况。通常，会使用一系列将污染物浓度与健康影响相关联的系数（浓度-反应方程的系数）。为了计算这些系数，通常会使用城市平均空气污染浓度；然而，这些系数并不一定代表居民实际暴露的风险。出于这个原因，本研究估计了两个对公共卫生决策制定者来说未知但必要的方面。首先，在较低的空间分辨率水平上估计暴露情况；其次，估计空间上存在差异并取决于易感人群比例的浓度-反应曲线。我们遵循空气污染与健康，欧洲方法/西班牙多中心研究空气污染与死亡率之间关系的方法，以确定 CO 人群暴露在三个空间水平（城市、区域和县）下的短期健康影响。我们发现，在圣地亚哥市，64 岁以上人群的心肺死亡率存在不同的风险，与 CO 暴露的不平等有关。风险较高的地区位于城市的东南部。这些发现证实了在评估控制策略和政策决策以控制圣地亚哥空气污染时，需要以不同的方式来应对这一问题。
