Ellard John
Mental Health Review Tribunal of New South Wales Balmoral Beach, NSW, Australia.
Australas Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;15(5):365-7. doi: 10.1080/10398560701441679.
The aim of this paper is to consider the history of human beings killing one another and reflect upon their reasons. Has it ever been altruistic?
Important examples of large episodes of killing, such as wars, the Crusades, the Inquisition and genocides were examined.
Reasons are always advanced for killing large numbers of people who did not want to die. They were not based on logic nor on altruism but on moralities constructed from religious and political beliefs. Those who wanted to die because of unrelievable pain involved in the process of dying from an incurable illness are always preserved against their wishes. Once more, the reasons were usually religious and/or politically supported.
The belief that it is acceptable to kill those who do not want to die but unacceptable to kill those who want to die provides a curious paradox.
本文旨在探讨人类相互残杀的历史并反思其原因。这种行为可曾出于利他主义?
研究了大规模杀戮事件的重要实例,如战争、十字军东征、宗教裁判所及种族灭绝。
总是能找到杀害大量不愿死亡之人的理由。这些理由既非基于逻辑,也不是出于利他主义,而是基于由宗教和政治信仰构建的道德观念。那些因身患绝症、临终过程痛苦不堪而想死的人,却总是违背其意愿而被阻止。同样,理由通常是宗教和/或政治方面的支持。
认为杀害不愿死亡的人是可以接受的,而杀害想死的人则不可接受,这一观念构成了一个奇特的悖论。