Pai Harish V, Starke David W, Lesnefsky Edward J, Hoppel Charles L, Mieyal John J
Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2007 Nov;9(11):2027-33. doi: 10.1089/ars.2007.1642.
Glutaredoxins (GRx) catalyze reversible protein glutathionylation. They are implicated in sulfhydryl homeostasis and regulation of redox signal transduction, controlling various cellular processes like DNA synthesis, defense against oxidative stress, apoptosis signaling, and DNA-binding of transcription factors. Two isoforms of GRx are well characterized in mammals: GRx1, the "cytosolic" form, and GRx2, the "mitochondrial" form. Here we report documentation of GRx1 in mitochondria, localized exclusively in the intermembrane space and segregated from GRx2, localized exclusively in the mitochondrial matrix. We hypothesize that GRx1 and GRx2 in their unique locations regulate different functions of the mitochondria via reversible S-glutathionylation.
谷氧还蛋白（GRx）催化蛋白质的可逆谷胱甘肽化反应。它们参与巯基稳态和氧化还原信号转导的调节，控制着多种细胞过程，如DNA合成、抗氧化应激防御、细胞凋亡信号传导以及转录因子的DNA结合。在哺乳动物中，GRx的两种亚型已得到充分表征：GRx1，即“胞质”形式，和GRx2，即“线粒体”形式。在此，我们报告了GRx1在线粒体中的存在，它仅定位于线粒体外膜间隙，且与仅定位于线粒体基质的GRx2相分离。我们推测，处于独特位置的GRx1和GRx2通过可逆的S-谷胱甘肽化反应调节线粒体的不同功能。
