Shaw Gary M, Carmichael Suzan L, Laurent Cecile, Louik Carol, Finnell Richard H, Lammer Edward J
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, California Research Division, Oakland, California, USA.
Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2007 Oct;79(10):708-13. doi: 10.1002/bdra.20398.
There is a paucity of information about risk factors for the human eye anomalies anophthalmia and microphthalmia. In this population-based case-control study we investigated whether periconceptional intakes of supplemental folic acid, dietary folate, vitamin A, and several other nutrients were associated with these eye defects.
This study included data on deliveries that had estimated due dates from 1997-2002 and were part of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (the National Birth Defects Prevention Study is a population-based case-control study of a wide spectrum of birth defects, incorporating data from 10 birth defects surveillance systems in the United States [Arkansas, California, Georgia/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Iowa, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Texas, and Utah]). Cases were those infants or fetuses born with either anophthalmia or microphthalmia. Liveborn infants without major malformations were eligible as controls. Maternal interviews were conducted, primarily by telephone, in English or Spanish. Participation in the interview was 71% among case mothers and 68% among control mothers. Interviews were completed with 89 case mothers and 4,143 control mothers. A shortened version of the food frequency questionnaire from the Nurse's Health Study was used to assess frequency of intake of 58 food items during the year before pregnancy.
Our results did not indicate reduced risks for these eye malformations associated with maternal intake of vitamin supplements containing folic acid. The data did not show an association between malformation risk and higher or lower intakes of vitamin A. We also did not observe strong evidence that an abundance or a lack of dietary intake of any other nutrient was associated with increased risk of the studied eye malformations.
Our observations contribute to a limited body of findings on these rare eye defects.
关于人类眼部异常无眼畸形和小眼畸形的风险因素，相关信息匮乏。在这项基于人群的病例对照研究中，我们调查了孕前补充叶酸、膳食叶酸、维生素A以及其他几种营养素的摄入量是否与这些眼部缺陷有关。
本研究纳入了预产期在1997年至2002年之间的分娩数据，这些数据是国家出生缺陷预防研究的一部分（国家出生缺陷预防研究是一项基于人群的病例对照研究，涉及广泛的出生缺陷，整合了美国10个出生缺陷监测系统的数据[阿肯色州、加利福尼亚州、佐治亚州/疾病控制与预防中心、爱荷华州、马萨诸塞州、新泽西州、纽约州、北卡罗来纳州、得克萨斯州和犹他州]）。病例为出生时患有无眼畸形或小眼畸形的婴儿或胎儿。无重大畸形的活产婴儿符合作为对照的条件。主要通过电话以英语或西班牙语对母亲进行访谈。病例组母亲的访谈参与率为71%，对照组母亲为68%。对89名病例组母亲和4143名对照组母亲完成了访谈。使用护士健康研究中食物频率问卷的简化版来评估孕前一年58种食物的摄入频率。
我们的结果并未表明母亲摄入含叶酸的维生素补充剂会降低这些眼部畸形的风险。数据未显示畸形风险与维生素A摄入量的高低之间存在关联。我们也没有观察到有力证据表明任何其他营养素的膳食摄入量过多或过少与所研究的眼部畸形风险增加有关。
我们的观察结果为这些罕见眼部缺陷的有限研究发现增添了内容。
