Ferguson Emma C, Krishnamurthy Rajesh, Oldham Sandra A A
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, Section of Thoracic Imaging, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Radiographics. 2007 Sep-Oct;27(5):1323-34. doi: 10.1148/rg.275065148.
Cardiovascular imaging is a rapidly evolving field that requires familiarity with the appearances of pediatric and adult cardiovascular diseases on chest radiographs as well as images obtained with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography. To accurately identify congenital abnormalities affecting the heart and vessels of the thorax, radiologists must recognize the imaging features and understand their pathophysiologic origin. The cardiovascular imaging signs of congenital anomalies that are most often seen in radiologic practice include the egg on a string (seen in transposition of the great arteries), snowman (total anomalous pulmonary venous return), scimitar (partial anomalous pulmonary venous return), gooseneck (endocardial cushion defect), figure of three and reverse figure of three (aortic coarctation), boot-shaped heart (tetralogy of Fallot), and box-shaped heart (Ebstein anomaly).
心血管成像领域发展迅速，要求熟悉儿科和成人心血管疾病在胸部X线片以及计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像和血管造影所获图像上的表现。为准确识别影响胸部心脏和血管的先天性异常，放射科医生必须识别成像特征并了解其病理生理起源。放射学实践中最常出现的先天性异常的心血管成像征象包括“串珠样心”（见于大动脉转位）、“雪人征”（完全性肺静脉异位引流）、“弯刀征”（部分性肺静脉异位引流）、“鹅颈征”（心内膜垫缺损）、“3字征”和“反3字征”（主动脉缩窄）、“靴形心”（法洛四联症）以及“盒形心”（埃布斯坦畸形）。
