Kennedy Kristen M, Partridge Ty, Raz Naftali
Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2008 Mar;15(2):165-83. doi: 10.1080/13825580601186650.
Aging is associated with reduced performance on information processing speed, memory, and executive functions tasks. Although older adults are also less apt in acquiring new perceptual-motor skills, it is unclear whether and how skill acquisition difficulties are associated with age-related general cognitive differences. We addressed this question by examining structural relations among measures of cognitive resources (working memory) and indices of perceptual-motor skill acquisition (pursuit rotor and mirror tracing) in 96 healthy adults aged 19-80 years of age. Three competing structural models were tested: a single (common) factor model, a dual correlated factors model, and a hierarchical dual-factor model. The third model provided the best fit to the data, indicating age differences in simple perceptual-motor skill are partially mediated by more complex abilities.
衰老与信息处理速度、记忆力和执行功能任务的表现下降有关。尽管老年人在获取新的感知运动技能方面也不太擅长，但尚不清楚技能获取困难是否以及如何与年龄相关的一般认知差异相关。我们通过研究96名年龄在19至80岁之间的健康成年人的认知资源（工作记忆）测量指标与感知运动技能获取指标（追踪转子和镜像追踪）之间的结构关系来解决这个问题。测试了三种相互竞争的结构模型：单（共同）因素模型、双相关因素模型和层次双因素模型。第三个模型对数据的拟合度最佳，表明简单感知运动技能的年龄差异部分由更复杂的能力介导。
