成人年龄差异与认知资源在知觉-运动技能习得中的作用：多层次负指数模型的应用。
Adult age differences and the role of cognitive resources in perceptual-motor skill acquisition: application of a multilevel negative exponential model.
机构信息
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 4136 UniMail, Boulevard du Pont d'Arve 40, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
出版信息
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2010 Mar;65B(2):163-73. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbp126. Epub 2010 Jan 4.
Abstract
The effects of advanced age and cognitive resources on the course of skill acquisition are unclear, and discrepancies among studies may reflect limitations of data analytic approaches. We applied a multilevel negative exponential model to skill acquisition data from 80 trials (four 20-trial blocks) of a pursuit rotor task administered to healthy adults (19-80 years old). The analyses conducted at the single-trial level indicated that the negative exponential function described performance well. Learning parameters correlated with measures of task-relevant cognitive resources on all blocks except the last and with age on all blocks after the second. Thus, age differences in motor skill acquisition may evolve in 2 phases: In the first, age differences are collinear with individual differences in task-relevant cognitive resources; in the second, age differences orthogonal to these resources emerge.
摘要
高龄和认知资源对技能获取过程的影响尚不清楚，研究结果的差异可能反映了数据分析方法的局限性。我们应用多层次负指数模型分析了一项追逐旋转器任务的数据，该任务包括 80 次试验（4 个 20 次试验的组块），被试为健康成年人（19-80 岁）。在单次试验水平上的分析表明，负指数函数很好地描述了表现。在所有除最后一个块以外的块上，学习参数与与任务相关的认知资源的测量值相关，在第二次块以后的所有块上，学习参数与年龄相关。因此，运动技能获取的年龄差异可能经历两个阶段：第一阶段，年龄差异与与任务相关的认知资源的个体差异呈共线性；第二阶段，年龄差异与这些资源正交出现。
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