Chen Tianyong, Li Deming
Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2007 Nov;14(6):631-46. doi: 10.1080/13825580600987660.
This study was conducted to investigate the relative roles of working memory updating (updating) and processing speed in mediating age-related differences in fluid intelligence. A sample of 142 normal adults between 18 and 85 years of age performed a set of updating, processing speed, and fluid intelligence tasks. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the proportion of unique age-related variance in updating measures was related to the complexity of speed measures. There was a larger proportion of unique age-related variance in updating measures after controlling for the variance in simpler speed measures. Moreover, structural equation modeling showed that updating mediated almost all the age-related effects on fluid intelligence. These results suggest that updating, but not speed, is the critical mediator between age and fluid intelligence. In addition, the speed mediation of age-related differences in fluid intelligence as indicated by previous studies is at least partially derived from the executive component of speed measures.
本研究旨在探讨工作记忆更新（更新）和加工速度在调节年龄相关的流体智力差异中的相对作用。142名年龄在18至85岁之间的正常成年人样本完成了一组更新、加工速度和流体智力任务。分层回归分析表明，更新测量中与年龄相关的独特方差比例与速度测量的复杂性有关。在控制了较简单速度测量的方差后，更新测量中与年龄相关的独特方差比例更大。此外，结构方程模型表明，更新几乎介导了所有与年龄相关的对流体智力的影响。这些结果表明，更新而非速度是年龄与流体智力之间的关键中介。此外，先前研究表明的年龄相关流体智力差异的速度中介作用至少部分源于速度测量的执行成分。
