Verwey Willem B, Heuer Herbert
Faculty of Behavioural Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2007 Dec;60(12):1629-59. doi: 10.1080/17470210601100472.
Participants in two experiments moved a mouse-like device to the right to move a cursor on a computer screen to a target position. The cursor was invisible during motion but reappeared at the end of each movement. The relationship between the amplitudes of the cursor movement and the mouse movement was exponential in Experiment 1 and logarithmic in Experiment 2 for two groups of participants, while it was linear for the control groups in both experiments. The results of both experiments indicate that participants adjusted well to the external transformation by developing an internal model that approximated the inverse of the external transformation. We introduce a method to determine the locus of the internal model. It indicates that the internal model works at a processing level that either preceded specification of movement amplitude, or had become part of movement amplitude specification. Limited awareness of the nonlinear mouse-cursor relationship and the fact that a working-memory task had little effect on performance suggest that the internal model is modular and not dependent on high-level cognitive processes.
在两项实验中，参与者将一个类似鼠标的设备向右移动，以便在电脑屏幕上把光标移动到目标位置。光标在移动过程中不可见，但在每次移动结束时会重新出现。对于两组参与者而言，在实验1中，光标移动幅度与鼠标移动幅度之间的关系呈指数关系，在实验2中呈对数关系，而在两个实验的对照组中，二者的关系呈线性。两项实验的结果均表明，参与者通过建立一个近似外部转换逆函数的内部模型，很好地适应了外部转换。我们引入了一种确定内部模型轨迹的方法。结果表明，内部模型在运动幅度指定之前的处理阶段起作用，或者已经成为运动幅度指定的一部分。对非线性鼠标 - 光标关系的有限认知以及工作记忆任务对表现影响不大这一事实表明，内部模型是模块化的，不依赖于高级认知过程。
