Bloem E, Haneklaus S, Salac I, Wickenhäuser P, Schnug E
Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Federal Agricultural Research Centre, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2007 Sep;9(5):596-607. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-965420.
Sulfur deficiency developed into a widespread nutrient disorder in the 1980s because of the drastic decrease of SO(2) emissions in western Europe after Clean Air Acts came into force. It was observed that not only the yield and quality of agricultural crops were negatively affected by sulfur deficiency but also their health status. Since the mid 1990s the physiological background of this latter phenomenon in the sulfur metabolism has been studied by different researchers. From 2001 until 2006, field trials with different varieties of oilseed rape were conducted in Germany, and also from 2001 until 2003 in Scotland, to investigate the underlying mechanisms of sulfur-induced resistance and to develop fertiliser strategies which increase the health status of crops and minimise the requirement for chemical fungicides. A comprehensive disease assessment was conducted and a range of different sulfur-containing metabolites and enzymes were analysed in relation to sulfur nutrition and fungal diseases. H2S emissions from field-grown crops under different sulfur nutritional status were studied for the first time and a positive relationship was observed. Besides S fertilisation, fungal infection increased H2S emissions, too. The studies deliver new insight into the complex of sulfur-induced resistance but many questions still remain open. This contribution will show different possible strategies to solve some of the open questions.
由于《清洁空气法》生效后西欧地区二氧化硫排放大幅减少，硫缺乏在20世纪80年代发展成为一种广泛的营养失调现象。据观察，硫缺乏不仅对农作物的产量和质量产生负面影响，还影响其健康状况。自20世纪90年代中期以来，不同的研究人员对硫代谢中后一种现象的生理背景进行了研究。2001年至2006年期间，在德国对不同品种的油菜进行了田间试验，2001年至2003年期间也在苏格兰进行了试验，以研究硫诱导抗性的潜在机制，并制定提高作物健康状况和尽量减少化学杀菌剂需求的施肥策略。进行了全面的病害评估，并分析了一系列不同的含硫代谢物和酶与硫营养和真菌病害的关系。首次研究了不同硫营养状况下田间作物的硫化氢排放情况，并观察到一种正相关关系。除了施硫外，真菌感染也会增加硫化氢排放。这些研究为硫诱导抗性的复合体提供了新的见解，但许多问题仍然悬而未决。本论文将展示解决一些未决问题的不同可能策略。
