Künstler András, Gullner Gábor, Ádám Attila L, Kolozsváriné Nagy Judit, Király Lóránt
Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, 15 Herman Ottó Str., H-1022 Budapest, Hungary.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Dec 3;9(12):1705. doi: 10.3390/plants9121705.
Sulfur (S) is an essential plant macronutrient and the pivotal role of sulfur compounds in plant disease resistance has become obvious in recent decades. This review attempts to recapitulate results on the various functions of sulfur-containing defense compounds (SDCs) in plant defense responses to pathogens. These compounds include sulfur containing amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, the tripeptide glutathione, thionins and defensins, glucosinolates and phytoalexins and, last but not least, reactive sulfur species and hydrogen sulfide. SDCs play versatile roles both in pathogen perception and initiating signal transduction pathways that are interconnected with various defense processes regulated by plant hormones (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, ROS-mediated reversible oxidation of cysteine residues on plant proteins have profound effects on protein functions like signal transduction of plant defense responses during pathogen infections. Indeed, the multifaceted plant defense responses initiated by SDCs should provide novel tools for plant breeding to endow crops with efficient defense responses to invading pathogens.
硫（S）是植物必需的大量元素，近几十年来，硫化合物在植物抗病性中的关键作用已变得十分明显。本综述试图概括含硫防御化合物（SDCs）在植物对病原体防御反应中的各种功能的研究结果。这些化合物包括含硫氨基酸，如半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸、三肽谷胱甘肽、硫素和防御素、芥子油苷和植保素，以及最后但同样重要的活性硫物种和硫化氢。SDCs在病原体感知和启动信号转导途径中发挥着多种作用，这些途径与由植物激素（水杨酸、茉莉酸和乙烯）和活性氧（ROS）调节的各种防御过程相互关联。重要的是，ROS介导的植物蛋白上半胱氨酸残基的可逆氧化对病原体感染期间植物防御反应的信号转导等蛋白功能有深远影响。事实上，SDCs引发的多方面植物防御反应应为植物育种提供新工具，使作物具备对入侵病原体的有效防御反应。
