Williams Victoria
Centre for Transport Studies, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2007 Dec 15;365(1861):3047-59. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2007.0012.
Aviation is a growing contributor to climate change, with unique impacts due to the altitude of emissions. If existing traffic growth rates continue, radical engineering solutions will be required to prevent aviation becoming one of the dominant contributors to climate change. This paper reviews the engineering options for mitigating the climate impacts of aviation using aircraft and airspace technologies. These options include not only improvements in fuel efficiency, which would reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, but also measures to reduce non-CO2 impacts including the formation of persistent contrails. Integrated solutions to optimize environmental performance will require changes to airframes, engines, avionics, air traffic control systems and airspace design. While market-based measures, such as offset schemes and emissions trading, receive growing attention, this paper sets out the crucial role of engineering in the challenge to develop a 'green air traffic system'.
航空对气候变化的影响日益增大，因其排放高度而产生独特影响。如果现有交通增长率持续下去，将需要激进的工程解决方案来防止航空成为气候变化的主要促成因素之一。本文综述了利用飞机和空域技术减轻航空对气候影响的工程选项。这些选项不仅包括提高燃油效率以减少二氧化碳（CO2）排放，还包括减少非二氧化碳影响的措施，包括形成持久性凝结尾迹。优化环境性能的综合解决方案将需要对机身、发动机、航空电子设备、空中交通管制系统和空域设计进行变革。虽然基于市场的措施，如抵消计划和排放交易，受到越来越多的关注，但本文阐述了工程在开发“绿色空中交通系统”这一挑战中的关键作用。
