Taylor M, Cartwright B S, Bowden T
University of Oregon.
Child Dev. 1991 Dec;62(6):1334-51.
In 3 experiments, children's ability to vary their responses on perspective-taking tasks as a function of the other person's age was examined. In Experiment 1,4- and 5-year-olds were shown to be accurate in their judgments about the knowledge of a 6-month-old baby, a 4-year-old child, and an adult. In Experiment 2, 4-year-olds were asked to determine if a baby, child, and adult would be able to identify an object from a restricted view showing either an identifiable part, a small nondescript part, or no part of the object. Children tended to report that the observer would be able to identify the object from an identifiable or nondescript part. Their judgments were not affected by the age of the observer. Experiment 3 replicated the asymmetry in performance on the general knowledge task and the restricted view task and extended these results by testing 4-year-olds, 6-year-olds, and adults using a within-subjects design.
在3项实验中，研究了儿童在观点采择任务中根据他人年龄改变其反应的能力。在实验1中，4岁和5岁儿童在判断6个月大的婴儿、4岁儿童和成年人的知识方面表现准确。在实验2中，要求4岁儿童确定婴儿、儿童和成年人是否能够从显示物体可识别部分、小的无明显特征部分或无物体部分的受限视角中识别该物体。儿童倾向于报告观察者能够从可识别或无明显特征的部分识别物体。他们的判断不受观察者年龄的影响。实验3重复了一般知识任务和受限视角任务表现中的不对称性，并通过采用被试内设计对4岁、6岁儿童和成年人进行测试扩展了这些结果。
