Grossman Michael, Kaestner Robert, Markowitz Sara
City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA.
Adv Health Econ Health Serv Res. 2005;16:229-56.
The purpose of this chapter is to examine the role of alcohol policies in reducing the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among youth. Previous research has shown that risky sexual practices (e.g., unprotected sex and multiple partners) that increase the risk of contracting an STD are highly correlated with alcohol use. If alcohol is a cause of risky sexual behaviour, then policies that reduce the consumption of alcohol may also reduce the incidence of STDs. In this chapter, we examine the relationship between alcohol policies (e.g., beer taxes and statutes pertaining to alcohol sales and drunk driving) and rates of gonorrhea and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among teenagers and young adults. Results indicate that higher beer taxes are associated with lower rates of gonorrhea for males and are suggestive of lower AIDS rates. Strict drunk driving policies in the form of zero tolerance laws may also lower the gonorrhea rate among males under the legal drinking age.
本章的目的是探讨酒精政策在降低青少年性传播疾病（STD）发病率方面的作用。先前的研究表明，增加感染性传播疾病风险的危险性性行为（如无保护性行为和多个性伴侣）与饮酒高度相关。如果酒精是危险性行为的一个原因，那么减少酒精消费的政策可能也会降低性传播疾病的发病率。在本章中，我们研究酒精政策（如啤酒税以及与酒精销售和酒后驾车相关的法规）与青少年和青年人群中淋病和获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）发病率之间的关系。结果表明，较高的啤酒税与男性较低的淋病发病率相关，并且可能意味着较低的艾滋病发病率。以零容忍法律形式实施的严格酒后驾车政策也可能降低法定饮酒年龄以下男性的淋病发病率。
