Da Ros Carlos T, Schmitt Caio da Silva
Urology Department, Mae de Deus Hospital, Porto Alegre, RS 90450180, Brazil.
Asian J Androl. 2008 Jan;10(1):110-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00367.x.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are among the first ten causes of unpleasant diseases in young adult males in developing countries and the second major cause of unpleasant diseases in young adult women. Adolescents and young adults (15-24 years old) make up only 25% of the sexually active population, but represent almost 50% of all new acquired STDs. In general, STDs are epidemics and present an enormous health and economic consequences. An adequate screening for STDs should be done on a routine basis in every part of the world. Many STDs are asymptomatic and therefore can difficult to control. The purpose of reporting of STDs is to ensure that persons who are infected will be quickly diagnosed and appropriately treated to control the spread of infection and also so that partners are notified, tested and appropriately treated. It is estimated that reported cases of STDs represent only 50%-80% of reportable STD infections in the United States, reflecting limited screening and low disease reporting. High-risk sexual behavior is a highly contributive factor of this process as it often leads to teenage pregnancies and HIV/AIDS. One possible explanation for this behavior is that people do not have enough information about the transmission of STDs or ignore the precautions required for safe sex. Approximately 60% of new HIV infections worldwide occur in young people. The frequency of high-risk behaviors among youths may also be influenced by opportunity to engage in them, particularly the amount of time that they are unsupervised by adults. However, in diagnosing and treating these patients, we can effectively prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS. Individuals infected with STDs are 5-10 times more likely than uninfected individuals to acquire or transmit HIV through sexual contact. The breaking of the genital tract lining or skin creates a portal of entry for HIV and, hence, HIV-infected individuals with other STDs are more likely to shed HIV in their genital secretions. To date, the condom is the most effective method available for males for protection against STDs. It is important to control STDs, and prevention can be the key of this process. Prevention can be achieved through education of the population, identification of symptomatic and asymptomatic people, and effective diagnosis and treatment of these patients and their partners.
性传播疾病（STDs）是发展中国家年轻成年男性中令人不适疾病的前十位病因之一，也是年轻成年女性中令人不适疾病的第二大主要病因。青少年和年轻人（15至24岁）仅占性活跃人群的25%，但几乎占所有新感染性传播疾病病例的50%。总体而言，性传播疾病呈流行态势，并带来巨大的健康和经济后果。在世界各个地区都应定期进行性传播疾病的充分筛查。许多性传播疾病没有症状，因此难以控制。报告性传播疾病的目的是确保感染者能够迅速得到诊断和适当治疗，以控制感染传播，同时通知其性伴侣进行检测和适当治疗。据估计，在美国，报告的性传播疾病病例仅占应报告性传播疾病感染病例的50%-80%，这反映出筛查有限且疾病报告率低。高危性行为是这一过程的一个重要促成因素，因为它常常导致青少年怀孕和感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病。对此行为的一种可能解释是，人们没有足够的关于性传播疾病传播的信息，或者忽视了安全性行为所需的预防措施。全球约60%的新增艾滋病毒感染发生在年轻人中。年轻人中高危行为的频率也可能受到从事此类行为机会的影响，特别是他们未受成年人监管的时间。然而，在诊断和治疗这些患者时，我们可以有效预防艾滋病毒/艾滋病的传播。感染性传播疾病的个体通过性接触感染或传播艾滋病毒的可能性比未感染者高5至10倍。生殖道黏膜或皮肤破损为艾滋病毒创造了一个进入途径，因此，感染其他性传播疾病的艾滋病毒感染者更有可能在其生殖分泌物中排出艾滋病毒。迄今为止，避孕套是男性预防感染性传播疾病最有效的方法。控制性传播疾病很重要，而预防可能是这一过程的关键。预防可以通过对人群进行教育、识别有症状和无症状的人，以及对这些患者及其性伴侣进行有效诊断和治疗来实现。
