Irlinger Françoise
UMR782 Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, INRA, AgroParisTech, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2008 Sep 1;126(3):302-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.08.016. Epub 2007 Aug 22.
The genus Staphylococcus is made up of 36 validated species which contain strains that are pathogenic, saprophytic, or used as starter cultures for the food industry. Staphylococci species used in cheese-making are novobiocin-resistant, coagulase-negative and are not usually identified at species level by routine laboratories. A bibliographic survey was conducted to assess safety status of CNS used in fermented dairy foods. Commercial kits based on phenotypic discrimination can't reliably identify these species because of the variable expression of some phenotypic traits. Several molecular targets, including 16S rRNA, hsp60, tuf, SodA and rpoB genes can be used for identifying species of the Staphylococcus genus. No coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from milk or dairy products has ever been involved in a case of food poisoning or human pathology following ingestion of dairy products. Nevertheless, a few case of nosocomial infection caused by some species (S. caprae, S. capitis, S. sciuri) have been reported in patients with depressed immune systems or who have undergone long severe hospital treatments, or in the presence of an indwelling catheter or foreign materials such as cardiac prostheses. They may therefore be regarded as exceptional opportunistic pathogens in certain clinical situations.
葡萄球菌属由36个已确认的物种组成，这些物种包含致病性、腐生性或用作食品工业发酵剂培养物的菌株。用于奶酪制作的葡萄球菌对新生霉素耐药，凝固酶阴性，常规实验室通常不会在物种水平上对其进行鉴定。进行了一项文献调查，以评估用于发酵乳制品的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的安全状况。基于表型鉴别商业试剂盒不能可靠地鉴定这些物种，因为一些表型特征的表达存在差异。几个分子靶点，包括16S rRNA、hsp60、tuf、SodA和rpoB基因，可用于鉴定葡萄球菌属的物种。从未有从牛奶或乳制品中分离出的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌导致食用乳制品后发生食物中毒或人类病理情况。然而，已有一些病例报告，某些物种（山羊葡萄球菌、头葡萄球菌、松鼠葡萄球菌）在免疫系统低下、接受长期重症住院治疗、存在留置导管或有心脏假体等异物的患者中引起医院感染。因此，在某些临床情况下，它们可能被视为特殊的机会性病原体。
