Richter Doreen, Massmann Gudrun, Taute Thomas, Duennbier Uwe
Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstrasse 74-100, Berlin, Germany.
J Contam Hydrol. 2009 May 12;106(3-4):183-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.03.001. Epub 2009 Mar 16.
The drinking water production of a drinking water treatment plant in Berlin is affected by ambient contaminated groundwater. The three organic compounds para-toluenesulfonamide (p-TSA), ortho-toluenesulfonamide (o-TSA) and benzenesulfonamide (BSA) were identified in the catchment area of this plant. The groundwater pollution is a result of former sewage farm irrigation in the area, operating for almost 70 years until the 1980s. The distribution of the sulfonamides in the anoxic groundwater was investigated, and a large number of observation and production wells were sampled for this purpose. The contaminant plume is 25 m3000 m2000 m (depth, length, width) in size. The high concentrations of p-TSA, o-TSA and BSA in the groundwater show that the sulfonamides persist over decades in an anoxic aquifer environment. Groundwater quality assessment revealed that elevated concentrations of the analytes can be expected in the abstraction well galleries in the future. Therefore, sulfonamides should periodically be monitored in the drinking water (maximum allowed concentration of 0.30 microg/L of p-TSA and for o-TSA and BSA, a limit of 0.10 microg/L for unknown substances applies). Because of the widespread application and the persistence of the sulfonamides under anoxic conditions, our local investigations suggest that the substances may generally be present in groundwater under the influence of sewage irrigation. Incubation experiments were conducted under in situ hydrostatic pressure to study the behaviour of these trace organic compounds under different redox conditions (oxic and anoxic). Groundwater sampling equipment was either sterilised or not sterilised in order to distinguish between microbiological processes occurring in the aquifer and those representing sampling and storage artefacts (incubation experiments). Results showed that the addition of oxygen to the anoxic groundwater facilitates p-TSA and o-TSA degradation. Hence, while the substances are persistent under anoxic conditions, they are more degradable in the presence of oxygen. Results also illustrate that maintaining anoxic conditions or applying appropriate preservation techniques is necessary to ensure accurate analysis.
柏林一家饮用水处理厂的饮用水生产受到周边受污染地下水的影响。在该厂的集水区发现了三种有机化合物，即对甲苯磺酰胺（p - TSA）、邻甲苯磺酰胺（o - TSA）和苯磺酰胺（BSA）。地下水污染是该地区以前污水灌溉造成的，这种灌溉持续了近70年，直到20世纪80年代。对缺氧地下水中磺酰胺的分布进行了调查，并为此对大量观测井和生产井进行了采样。污染羽状体的大小为25米×3000米×2000米（深度、长度、宽度）。地下水中高浓度的p - TSA、o - TSA和BSA表明，磺酰胺在缺氧含水层环境中能持续数十年。地下水质量评估显示，未来在取水廊道中预计分析物浓度会升高。因此，应定期监测饮用水中的磺酰胺（p - TSA的最大允许浓度为0.30微克/升，o - TSA和BSA的未知物质限值为0.10微克/升）。由于磺酰胺的广泛应用及其在缺氧条件下的持久性，我们的本地调查表明，在污水灌溉影响下的地下水中可能普遍存在这些物质。在原地静水压力下进行了孵化实验，以研究这些微量有机化合物在不同氧化还原条件（有氧和缺氧）下的行为。为了区分含水层中发生的微生物过程与那些代表采样和储存假象的过程（孵化实验），地下水采样设备进行了灭菌或未灭菌处理。结果表明，向缺氧地下水中添加氧气有助于p - TSA和o - TSA的降解。因此，虽然这些物质在缺氧条件下具有持久性，但在有氧气存在时更易降解。结果还表明，维持缺氧条件或采用适当的保存技术对于确保准确分析是必要的。
