Piasecki Thomas M, Richardson Alison E, Smith Shawn M
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2007 Sep;21(3):328-37. doi: 10.1037/0893-164X.21.3.328.
College student smokers (N = 50) were asked to carry electronic diaries for 14 days and record smoking events (n = 1,139). They indicated why they were smoking each cigarette on a checklist of potential motives. Results suggest that a desire to reduce craving (62.8% of occasions) and habit/automatic processes (42.8%) were the most frequent motives. More dependent and daily smokers were especially likely to endorse smoking to reduce craving and for habit/automatic reasons and were less likely to cite coping with negative emotion as a reason for smoking. Dependent and daily smokers were more likely to endorse at least 1 dependence-like motive and were less likely to exclusively attribute smoking to nondependence motives. Self-monitored motives appeared valid, according with conceptually related states, activities, and events in the diary records. Diary-recorded motives were compared with smokers' responses to a retrospective motives questionnaire administered at baseline. The 2 assessment modes produced discrepant estimates of the most influential motivational processes. Questionnaire responses incompletely forecast conceptually similar diary-reported motives. Dependence and daily smoking showed a different pattern of associations with diary-based versus retrospective motives measures.
50名大学生吸烟者被要求携带电子日记14天，并记录吸烟事件（共1139次）。他们在一份潜在动机清单上表明每次吸烟的原因。结果显示，减少烟瘾的欲望（占62.8%的情况）和习惯/自动过程（占42.8%）是最常见的动机。烟瘾更大的每日吸烟者尤其倾向于认可为减少烟瘾以及出于习惯/自动原因而吸烟，而不太可能将应对负面情绪作为吸烟的理由。烟瘾大的每日吸烟者更有可能认可至少一种类似成瘾的动机，并且不太可能将吸烟完全归因于非成瘾动机。自我监测的动机似乎是有效的，与日记记录中概念上相关的状态、活动和事件相符。将日记记录的动机与吸烟者在基线时对回顾性动机问卷的回答进行了比较。这两种评估方式对最具影响力的动机过程产生了不一致的估计。问卷回答并不能完全预测概念上类似的日记报告动机。与基于日记的动机测量相比，成瘾和每日吸烟与回顾性动机测量呈现出不同的关联模式。
