McLennan Peter L, Owen Alice J, Slee Emily L, Theiss Mandy L
Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2007 Sep;8 Suppl 1:S15-8. doi: 10.2459/01.JCM.0000289272.87803.ce.
Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are selectively incorporated into cardiac cell membranes from the diet in a dose-related manner. Regular intake can slow the heart rate, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, and increase coronary reserve. These properties contribute to preconditioning-like effects of resistance to myocardial ischaemic damage and improved post-ischaemic recovery. These effects can be demonstrated in isolated hearts independently of the effects of n-3 PUFAs on neural or blood parameters. The enrichment of myocardial membranes with n-3 PUFA also reduces vulnerability to cardiac arrhythmias, particularly ventricular fibrillation during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion, and attenuates heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy. n-3 PUFA concentrations can increase from 7% to 15% in the myocardial membranes of rats (mainly in the form of docosahexaenoic acid [22: 6 n-3]) with dietary intakes of only 0.3% fish oil, equivalent to two meals of salmon per week in the human diet. Dietary fish oil produces changes in cardiac function that might contribute to cardiovascular health benefits in humans and does so by modifying cardiac membranes within a dose range achievable in the human diet.
长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）以剂量相关的方式从饮食中被选择性地纳入心肌细胞膜。经常摄入可以减慢心率，降低心肌耗氧量，并增加冠脉储备。这些特性有助于产生类似预处理的效果，即抵抗心肌缺血损伤并改善缺血后恢复。这些效果在离体心脏中即可得到证实，与n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对神经或血液参数的影响无关。心肌膜中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的富集还可降低心律失常的易感性，尤其是心肌缺血和再灌注期间的心室颤动，并减轻心力衰竭和心肌肥大。在大鼠的心肌膜中，仅摄入0.3%的鱼油（相当于人类饮食中每周两餐三文鱼），n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的浓度就可从7%增加到15%（主要以二十二碳六烯酸[22:6 n-3]的形式）。膳食鱼油会引起心脏功能的变化，这可能对人类心血管健康有益，并且是通过在人类饮食可达到的剂量范围内改变心肌膜来实现的。
