Cœur & Nutrition, TIMC-IMAG CNRS 5525, Université Joseph Fourier, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche, France.
Nutr Res. 2010 Dec;30(12):849-57. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.10.010.
Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) complications, such as chronic arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Improved myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury results in smaller myocardial infarction, which is a major factor in the occurrence of CHD complications. We hypothesized that a specific dietary fatty acid profile (low in saturated and n-6 PUFA but high in plant and marine n-3 PUFA) may improve myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury and reduce infarct size. To test this assumption, we used a well-defined rat model of myocardial infarction. Based on our results, in comparison to a diet that is high in either saturated or n-6 PUFA but poor in plant and marine n-3 PUFA, a diet that is low in saturated fats and n-6 PUFA but rich in plant and marine n-3 PUFA results in smaller myocardial infarct size (P < .01). The effects of the 3 diets were also examined by analyzing the fatty acid composition of plasma, erythrocyte cell membranes, and the phospholipids of myocardial mitochondria. The results show a great accumulation of n-3 PUFA and a parallel decrease in arachidonic acid, the main n-6 PUFA, in plasma, cell membranes, and cardiac mitochondria (P < .0001). We conclude that improved myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion may be one of the critical factors explaining the protective effects of dietary n-3 PUFA against CHD complications in humans. In addition to increasing n-3 PUFA intake, an optimal dietary pattern aimed at reducing cardiovascular mortality should include a reduction of the intake of both saturated and n-6 PUFA.
饮食中的 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）可减少冠心病（CHD）并发症，如慢性心律失常和心脏性猝死。改善心肌对缺血再灌注损伤的抵抗力会导致心肌梗死更小，这是 CHD 并发症发生的主要因素。我们假设特定的饮食脂肪酸谱（饱和和 n-6 PUFA 含量低，但植物和海洋 n-3 PUFA 含量高）可能会改善心肌对缺血再灌注损伤的抵抗力并减少梗塞面积。为了验证这一假设，我们使用了一种明确的心肌梗死大鼠模型。与富含饱和或 n-6 PUFA 但缺乏植物和海洋 n-3 PUFA 的饮食相比，与富含饱和脂肪和 n-6 PUFA 但富含植物和海洋 n-3 PUFA 的饮食相比，我们发现前者的心肌梗死面积更小（P <.01）。还通过分析血浆、红细胞细胞膜和心肌线粒体磷脂的脂肪酸组成来检查这 3 种饮食的作用。结果表明，n-3 PUFA 大量积累，而主要的 n-6 PUFA 花生四烯酸在血浆、细胞膜和心脏线粒体中平行减少（P <.0001）。我们得出结论，改善心肌对缺血再灌注的抵抗力可能是解释饮食 n-3 PUFA 对人类 CHD 并发症的保护作用的关键因素之一。除了增加 n-3 PUFA 的摄入量外，旨在降低心血管死亡率的最佳饮食模式还应包括减少饱和和 n-6 PUFA 的摄入量。
