McClung Mary, Collins Dave
Scottish Institute of Sport, Blackburn, West Lothian, Scotland.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2007 Jun;29(3):382-94. doi: 10.1123/jsep.29.3.382.
In the perpetual quest for better performance, athletes are using an increasingly diverse range of ergogenic aids. Some are permitted; however, this "drug" use is often seen as an ethically questionable behavior. A variety of research suggests that much of the impact of such aids may be due to expectancy-the belief that the substance will aid performance. It would be useful to demonstrate this to athletes considering such usage, especially as a pillar of antidrug education. Accordingly, this investigation used sodium bicarbonate and placebo additives in a double disassociation design, with athletes completing a series of 1,000-m time trials. Results showed that believing one had taken the substance resulted in times almost as fast as those associated with consuming the drug itself. In contrast, taking the drug without knowledge yielded no significant performance increment. Results are discussed against the backdrop of applying expectancy effects in high-performance sport, including dissuading athletes from using illegal aids.
在对更好成绩的不懈追求中，运动员们正在使用越来越多样化的提高运动成绩的辅助手段。有些是被允许的；然而，这种“药物”使用往往被视为一种在伦理上有问题的行为。各种研究表明，此类辅助手段的大部分影响可能归因于预期——即相信该物质会有助于提高成绩。向考虑使用此类手段的运动员证明这一点会很有用，尤其是作为反药物教育的一个支柱。因此，本研究采用双盲设计，使用碳酸氢钠和安慰剂添加剂，让运动员完成一系列1000米计时赛。结果表明，相信自己服用了该物质所取得的成绩几乎与实际服用药物本身的成绩一样快。相比之下，在不知情的情况下服用药物并没有带来显著的成绩提升。我们将在高性能运动中应用预期效应的背景下讨论这些结果，包括劝阻运动员使用非法辅助手段。
