Saclarides Theodore J
Department of Surgery, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Am Surg. 2007 Aug;73(8):760-3; discussion 763-4.
During the American Civil War (1861-1865), 426 men were commissioned generals by Jefferson Davis and the Confederate Congress. Eighty (19%) died of battle wounds (versus 8% in the Union army) and 3 per cent died of disease. During the war, 211 (49%) were wounded; of these, each was wounded a mean 1.9 times. When noncombatants are excluded, 52 per cent sustained wounds. Of those who served in five or more major engagements, 62 per cent were wounded; of those who fought in more than 10, 71 per cent sustained wounds. Sixty-five per cent of battlefield deaths were immediate and 85 per cent were from gunshot wounds. Mortality did not vary by state of birth, age group, rank (brigadier, major, lieutenant, full), formal military education, or prewar profession. Professional soldiers fared no better or worse than prewar civilians appointed to the rank of general. Of those who survived the war, mean age at death was 68.0 years.
在美国内战（1861 - 1865年）期间，杰斐逊·戴维斯和南方邦联国会任命了426人担任将军。其中80人（19%）死于战伤（而联邦军队中这一比例为8%），3%死于疾病。战争期间，211人（49%）受伤；这些人平均每人受伤1.9次。若排除非战斗人员，52%的人受过伤。在参加过五次或更多次主要战役的人中，62%受过伤；在参加过十次以上战役的人中，71%受过伤。战场上65%的死亡是当场死亡，85%死于枪伤。死亡率不因出生州、年龄组、军衔（准将、少将、中尉、上将）、正规军事教育或战前职业而有所不同。职业军人的表现并不比战前被任命为将军的平民更好或更差。在战争中幸存下来的人，平均死亡年龄为68.0岁。
