中枢神经系统中的一氧化氮：神经保护与神经毒性

Nitric oxide in the central nervous system: neuroprotection versus neurotoxicity.

作者信息

Calabrese Vittorio, Mancuso Cesare, Calvani Menotti, Rizzarelli Enrico, Butterfield D Allan, Stella Anna Maria Giuffrida

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

出版信息

Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007 Oct;8(10):766-75. doi: 10.1038/nrn2214.

DOI:10.1038/nrn2214

PMID:17882254

Abstract

At the end of the 1980s, it was clearly demonstrated that cells produce nitric oxide and that this gaseous molecule is involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems, rather than simply being a toxic pollutant. In the CNS, nitric oxide has an array of functions, such as the regulation of synaptic plasticity, the sleep-wake cycle and hormone secretion. Particularly interesting is the role of nitric oxide as a Janus molecule in the cell death or survival mechanisms in brain cells. In fact, physiological amounts of this gas are neuroprotective, whereas higher concentrations are clearly neurotoxic.

摘要

20世纪80年代末，有明确证据表明细胞会产生一氧化氮，且这种气体分子参与心血管、免疫和神经系统的调节，而不仅仅是一种有毒污染物。在中枢神经系统中，一氧化氮具有一系列功能，如调节突触可塑性、睡眠-觉醒周期和激素分泌。特别有意思的是，一氧化氮在脑细胞的细胞死亡或存活机制中作为一种两面性分子所起的作用。事实上，这种气体的生理量具有神经保护作用，而较高浓度则明显具有神经毒性。