Graue Lili O, Berry David T R, Clark Jessica A, Sollman Myriam J, Cardi Michelle, Hopkins Jaclyn, Werline Dellynda
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
Clin Neuropsychol. 2007 Dec;21(6):929-42. doi: 10.1080/13854040600932137.
A recent Supreme Court decision--Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002)--prohibiting the execution of mentally retarded (MR) defendants may have raised the attractiveness of feigning this condition in the criminal justice system. Unfortunately, very few published studies have addressed the detection of feigned MR. The present report compared results from tests of intelligence, psychiatric feigning, and neurocognitive faking in a group of 26 mild MR participants (MR) and 25 demographically matched community volunteers asked to feign MR (CVM). Results showed that the CVM suppressed their IQ scores to approximate closely the level of MR participants. WAIS-III and psychiatric malingering measures were relatively ineffective at discriminating feigned from genuine MR. Although neurocognitive malingering tests were more accurate, their reduced specificity in MR participants was of potential concern. Revised cutting scores, set to maintain a Specificity rate of about .95 in MR clients, were identified, although they require cross-validation. Overall, these results suggest that new cutting scores will likely need to be validated to detect feigned MR using current malingering instruments.
美国最高法院最近一项裁决——阿特金斯诉弗吉尼亚案，美国最高法院判例汇编第536卷，第304页（2002年）——禁止处决智力迟钝的被告，这可能提高了在刑事司法系统中伪装此种状况的吸引力。不幸的是，极少有已发表的研究探讨伪装智力迟钝的甄别问题。本报告比较了26名轻度智力迟钝参与者（MR组）以及25名在人口统计学特征上与之匹配、被要求伪装智力迟钝的社区志愿者（CVM组）在智力测试、精神疾病伪装测试和神经认知功能伪装测试中的结果。结果显示，CVM组压低了他们的智商分数，使其与MR组的水平非常接近。韦氏成人智力量表第三版（WAIS - III）和精神疾病诈病测量方法在区分伪装的和真正智力迟钝方面相对无效。虽然神经认知功能诈病测试更为准确，但它们在MR组参与者中的特异性降低令人担忧。确定了经过修订的划界分数，旨在使MR组受测者的特异度保持在约0.95的水平，不过这些分数需要交叉验证。总体而言，这些结果表明，可能需要对新的划界分数进行验证，以便使用当前的诈病测量工具来甄别伪装的智力迟钝。
