Rezek Jan, in der Wiesche Carsten, Mackova Martina, Zadrazil Frantisek, Macek Tomas
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Chemosphere. 2008 Feb;70(9):1603-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.08.003. Epub 2007 Sep 20.
The biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in microecosystems containing long-term contaminated soil was investigated. Soil was contaminated by different chemicals, including PAHs since World War II. Aging of the soil was expected to act as a principal factor limiting biodegradation. Half of the microecosystems contained ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and long-term selected natural soil microflora originally present in contaminated soil. The others contained contaminated soil with natural microflora only. Half of the microecosystems in each parallel experiment was fertilised with N-P-K fertiliser. Cultivation was carried out at 12 and 18 months in a greenhouse with a natural photoperiod and the ability to degrade 15 chosen PAH was investigated. For analysis, the soil from each pot was divided into three horizontal layers for mutual comparison among layers and each layer was further divided into four equal samples. Soil extracts were analysed using HPLC. After a one-year-cultivation period the content of the monitored PAHs declined to 50%. Mostly, there were no significant differences between the microecosystems. Best degraded were fluoranthene and pyrene, which were the major contaminants present in original soil. Also, other compounds were successfully degraded, even benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[ghi]perylene. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were the only PAHs, examined that showed no significant degradation. Although some differences between the soil layers were detected, no conclusive trends could be found. However, significantly lower concentrations of PAHs were determined mostly in the bottom layer of the analysed profiles. In vegetated microecosystems the decline of PAHs concentrations was more remarkable after 18 months cultivation.
研究了含长期受污染土壤的微生态系统中多环芳烃的生物降解情况。自第二次世界大战以来，土壤受到包括多环芳烃在内的不同化学物质的污染。预计土壤老化是限制生物降解的主要因素。一半的微生态系统含有黑麦草（多年生黑麦草）和最初存在于受污染土壤中的长期选择的天然土壤微生物群落。其他的只含有受污染土壤和天然微生物群落。每个平行实验中的一半微生态系统用氮磷钾肥料施肥。在温室中，于自然光照周期下培养12个月和18个月，并研究降解15种选定多环芳烃的能力。为了进行分析，将每个花盆中的土壤分为三个水平层以便层间相互比较，并且每层进一步分为四个相等的样本。使用高效液相色谱法分析土壤提取物。经过一年的培养期，监测到的多环芳烃含量下降到50%。大多数情况下，微生态系统之间没有显著差异。荧蒽和芘降解效果最好，它们是原始土壤中的主要污染物。此外，其他化合物也成功降解，甚至包括苯并[a]芘和苯并[ghi]苝。二苯并[a,h]蒽和茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘是所检测的仅有的没有显著降解的多环芳烃。虽然在土壤层之间检测到了一些差异，但没有发现确凿的趋势。然而，在所分析剖面的底层大多测定出多环芳烃浓度显著较低。在有植被的微生态系统中，培养18个月后多环芳烃浓度的下降更为显著。
