Ko Byong-Gu, Vogeler Iris, Bolan Nanthi S, Clothier Brent, Green Steve, Kennedy John
Environment and Ecology Division, National Institute of Agricultural and Science Technology, 249 Seodundong Suwon, Republic of Korea.
Sci Total Environ. 2007 Dec 15;388(1-3):35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.041. Epub 2007 Sep 24.
The use of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated timber posts as support structures in New Zealand vineyards has raised concerns regarding the release of heavy metal(loid)s from the treated timber into the environment. A laboratory experiment was set up to evaluate if post sealing by painting reduces the release rate of CCA metal(loid)s from timber posts. Three posts were painted (Gripset 38, Multi Purpose Bitumen Rubber) on the bottom part, submerged in freshwater, and the concentrations of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) in the water were monitored over a period of 8 months. Three additional, unpainted posts were also used. The CCA contents in the water showed a clear difference between the painted and the unpainted posts, and painting the bottom of the posts reduced the release rate by 50-75%. To monitor the possible mobility of CCA from treated posts into grapevines further, an experiment with four-year-old grapevines planted into sixteen lysimeters was set up in a greenhouse. To half the lysimeters Cu, Cr and As were added to the soil surface at rates of 16, 20, and 12.5 mg/month from 15 November 2005 to 5 May 2006. The other lysimeters acted as a control. Soil solutions were collected at 50, 150 and 300 mm depths using suction cups after seven application of the CCA solution. The results showed that all the elements moved to a depth of 50 mm. Grape fruit, leaves and rachis were analysed for CCA metal(loid)s, but did not show any differences between the CCA-treated and control lysimeters. This indicated either that these metals were not taken up by grapevines or that their translocation from roots to the upper part of the vine was negligible. Further monitoring of CCA metal(loid)s in various parts of the grapevines, including roots, needs to be undertaken.
在新西兰葡萄园里，使用经铬化砷酸铜（CCA）处理的木柱作为支撑结构，引发了人们对经处理木材中重金属（类金属）释放到环境中的担忧。开展了一项实验室实验，以评估通过涂漆密封木柱是否能降低CCA金属（类金属）从木柱中的释放速率。三根木柱的底部进行了涂漆处理（使用Gripset 38、多功能沥青橡胶），将其浸泡在淡水中，并在8个月的时间里监测水中铜（Cu）、铬（Cr）和砷（As）的浓度。另外还使用了三根未涂漆的木柱。水中的CCA含量在涂漆木柱和未涂漆木柱之间呈现出明显差异，给木柱底部涂漆使释放速率降低了50%至75%。为了进一步监测CCA从经处理木柱向葡萄藤的可能迁移情况，在温室中设置了一项实验，将四年生葡萄藤种植在16个蒸渗仪中。从2005年11月15日至2006年5月5日，以每月16、20和12.5毫克的速率向一半的蒸渗仪土壤表面添加Cu、Cr和As。其他蒸渗仪作为对照。在施用七次CCA溶液后，使用吸盘在50、150和300毫米深度采集土壤溶液。结果表明，所有元素都迁移到了50毫米的深度。对葡萄果实、叶子和穗轴进行了CCA金属（类金属）分析，但在经CCA处理的蒸渗仪和对照蒸渗仪之间未显示出任何差异。这表明要么这些金属未被葡萄藤吸收，要么它们从根部向葡萄藤上部的转运可以忽略不计。需要对葡萄藤各个部位（包括根部）的CCA金属（类金属）进行进一步监测。
