Bullough John D, Yuan Zongjie, Rea Mark S
Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 21 Union Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2007 Sep;78(9):893-900.
Aviation signal lights using light emitting diodes (LEDs) are commonly perceived as brighter than those using incandescent sources, even at the same measured intensity. In general, saturated colors, like those produced by LEDs, appear brighter than less saturated lights, like those produced by incandescent sources.
We describe a series of experiments quantifying the brightness of simulated blue, white, and green LED signal lights relative to incandescent signal lights of the same hue. Simulated signal lights and arrays were compared against dark and against dimly lighted backgrounds, and through simulated fog.
The results confirm that LED signal lights are brighter than incandescent signals at matched luminous intensities. Brightness relationships were unaffected by background light level, and by the number of signals viewed, but the simulated fog reduced the brightness difference between the incandescent and LED signal lights.
The present results could not be accurately predicted by several previously published models of brightness appearance, probably because of differences in experimental conditions. We present a new model that can be used to predict signal light brightness for blue, white, and green signal colors. Except for very short-wavelength blue signal lights, the model was able to accurately predict the present brightness data as well as those from previously published independent experiments. This validation lends confidence to the generality of the model for predicting blue, white, and green signal light brightness, but different colors (e.g., yellow or red) remain to be tested and modeled using this approach.
即使在相同的测量强度下，使用发光二极管（LED）的航空信号灯通常也被认为比使用白炽光源的信号灯更亮。一般来说，饱和颜色，如LED产生的颜色，看起来比不饱和颜色，如白炽光源产生的颜色更亮。
我们描述了一系列实验，以量化模拟的蓝色、白色和绿色LED信号灯相对于相同色调的白炽信号灯的亮度。将模拟信号灯和阵列与黑暗背景和昏暗背景进行比较，并通过模拟雾进行比较。
结果证实，在匹配的发光强度下，LED信号灯比白炽信号灯更亮。亮度关系不受背景光水平和所观察信号数量的影响，但模拟雾减少了白炽信号灯和LED信号灯之间的亮度差异。
先前发表的几个亮度外观模型无法准确预测目前的结果，可能是因为实验条件不同。我们提出了一个新模型，可用于预测蓝色、白色和绿色信号颜色的信号灯亮度。除了极短波长的蓝色信号灯外，该模型能够准确预测目前的亮度数据以及先前发表的独立实验的数据。这种验证为该模型预测蓝色、白色和绿色信号灯亮度的通用性提供了信心，但不同颜色（如黄色或红色）仍有待使用这种方法进行测试和建模。
