Irwin Gareth, Kerwin David G
Cardiff School of Sport, University of Wales Institute Cardiff, Cardiff, UK.
Sports Biomech. 2007 May;6(2):131-44. doi: 10.1080/14763140701323117.
This study focused on identifying the most effective skill progression for developing the longswing on high bar in men's artistic gymnastics. Building on previous work by Irwin and Kerwin, in which a method to rank progressions based on their angular kinematics was developed, this study aimed to use the method to quantify similarities in inter-segmental coordination between selected progressions and the longswing on high bar. Video images of four members of the UK men's national gymnastics squad performing three series of five longswings and eight progressions were recorded at 50Hz. Two-dimensional direct linear transformation techniques were used to determine the real-world coordinates from the digitized data. Inter-segmental coordination of the hip and shoulder joints during the functional phases of the longswing was assessed using continuous relative phase. Similarity between the longswing and each progression was represented by a "specificity score", which was also used to rank the progressions. Each progression's specificity score was calculated by combining a "difference score" (root mean squared difference between the continuous relative phase profiles of the longswing and the progression) and a "variability score" (standard deviation of the continuous relative phase profiles for each progression). The progressions that were most similar to the longswing included the looped bar longswing and layaway swing down (ranked 1st and 2nd), with specificity scores of 9% and 10% respectively. In contrast, the least similar progressions were the looped bar "no action" longswing (51%) and pendulum swing (63%) (ranked 7th and 8th). Establishing effective skill learning pathways is recognized as a key component of the coaching process and ranking progressions based on their specificity score provided a mechanism to identify progressions with similar inter-segmental coordination profiles to the key skill on the high bar, the longswing.
本研究聚焦于确定男子竞技体操高杠长振动作发展过程中最有效的技能进阶方式。基于欧文和柯文之前的研究成果（他们开发了一种基于角运动学对进阶动作进行排名的方法），本研究旨在运用该方法量化所选进阶动作与高杠长振动作在节段间协调性方面的相似性。以50赫兹的频率记录了英国男子国家体操队四名队员完成的三个系列的五次长振动作以及八个进阶动作的视频图像。运用二维直接线性变换技术从数字化数据中确定真实世界坐标。使用连续相对相位评估长振动作功能阶段中髋关节和肩关节的节段间协调性。长振动作与每个进阶动作之间的相似性由一个“特异性得分”表示，该得分也用于对进阶动作进行排名。每个进阶动作的特异性得分通过结合一个“差异得分”（长振动作与进阶动作连续相对相位曲线的均方根差）和一个“变异性得分”（每个进阶动作连续相对相位曲线的标准差）来计算。与长振动作最相似的进阶动作包括绕杠长振和下摆摆动（分别排名第1和第2），特异性得分分别为9%和10%。相比之下，最不相似的进阶动作是绕杠“无动作”长振（51%）和钟摆摆动（63%）（分别排名第7和第8）。建立有效的技能学习路径被认为是教练过程的关键组成部分，基于特异性得分对进阶动作进行排名提供了一种机制，用于识别与高杠关键动作长振具有相似节段间协调特征的进阶动作。
