Cardiff School of Sport, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, UK.
Sports Biomech. 2011 Sep;10(3):161-73. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2011.592208.
Tkachev on uneven bars is a release and re-grasp skill performed using variations of preparatory longswing techniques; the reasons why different techniques are chosen remains unclear. This study examined kinematic and key release parameters specific to three distinct techniques with the aim of understanding the relative benefits of each. During two international artistic gymnastics competitions six arch, straddle and pike longswings preceding the straddle Tkachev were recorded using twin video cameras. Calibration and movement images were digitised and reconstructed using 3D DLT. Shoulder and hip angular kinematics, angular momentum and key release parameters were compared between techniques. In the arch longswing, the first and second hip functional phases began significantly earlier than the straddle or pike. No significant differences were established for release parameters although large effect sizes for horizontal release velocity and angular momenta about the mass centre and bar were reported between the arch and other two variants. Therefore, the arch variant may provide the opportunity to develop more complex combinations following the Tkachev. Providing insight into mechanical advantages of specific longswing techniques, and highlighting those that elicit desirable characteristics offers the potential to provide coaches with objective data on technique selection and ultimately skill development.
屈体特卡切夫在高低杠上的动作是一种释放和重新抓握的技能，使用了预备长摆动技术的变化；选择不同技术的原因尚不清楚。本研究检查了三个不同技术的特定运动学和关键释放参数，目的是了解每种技术的相对优势。在两次国际艺术体操比赛中，使用双摄像机记录了 6 个前屈、分腿和并腿长摆动，然后完成分腿特卡切夫动作。使用 3D DLT 对校准和运动图像进行数字化和重建。比较了技术之间的肩部和臀部角度运动学、角动量和关键释放参数。在前屈长摆动中，第一和第二髋关节功能阶段开始得明显早于分腿或并腿。释放参数没有显著差异，但报道称，在水平释放速度和质心及杠上的角动量方面，前屈与其他两种变体之间存在较大的效应量。因此，前屈变体可能为特卡切夫之后发展更复杂的组合提供机会。深入了解特定长摆动技术的力学优势，并强调那些产生理想特征的技术，有可能为教练提供关于技术选择的客观数据，最终实现技能发展。
