Dörner Thomas, Radbruch Andreas
Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin & Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
Immunity. 2007 Sep;27(3):384-92. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.09.002.
Humoral immunity, in particular secreted neutralizing antibodies, is of central importance to protect the body against acutely cytopathic viruses, whereas noncytopathic viruses have found ways of balanced coexistence with the immune system to avoid antibody-mediated elimination. There is evidence that polyspecific "natural" antibodies provide early protection, independent of T cell help. If that line of defense is crossed, T cell-dependent immune responses then generate a humoral memory provided by long-lived plasma cells secreting specific antibodies of adapted avidity and function, i.e., isotype, even in the absence of virus. Secreted protective antibodies of humoral memory provide an efficient line of defense against reinfection and are backed up by specific B and T memory cells of reactive memory. Whereas humoral memory has developed effective antiviral protection, some viruses (i.e., HIV) have managed to develop specific evasion strategies to escape it. Thus, coevolution provides us with some insight into just how substantial antiviral antibodies and memory B cell are in protecting the host from virus infection.
体液免疫，尤其是分泌性中和抗体，对于保护机体抵御急性细胞病变病毒至关重要，而非细胞病变病毒则找到了与免疫系统平衡共存的方式以避免抗体介导的清除。有证据表明，多特异性“天然”抗体可提供早期保护，且不依赖T细胞辅助。如果这道防线被突破，依赖T细胞的免疫反应随后会产生体液免疫记忆，由分泌具有适应性亲和力和功能（即同种型）的特异性抗体的长寿浆细胞提供，即使在没有病毒的情况下也是如此。体液免疫记忆分泌的保护性抗体提供了一道抵御再次感染的有效防线，并由反应性记忆的特异性B和T记忆细胞提供支持。虽然体液免疫记忆已发展出有效的抗病毒保护作用，但一些病毒（如HIV）已设法制定特定的逃避策略以逃脱这种保护。因此，共同进化让我们得以深入了解抗病毒抗体和记忆B细胞在保护宿主免受病毒感染方面的重要程度。
