Chang R Jeffrey
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0633, USA.
Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Oct;3(10):688-95. doi: 10.1038/ncpendmet0637.
The symptoms of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) include hirsutism and irregular menstrual bleeding due to ovarian androgen excess and chronic anovulation. Typically, these features emerge late in puberty or shortly thereafter. The proposed mechanism(s) responsible for increased ovarian androgen production include heightened theca cell responsiveness to gonadotropin stimulation, increased pituitary secretion of luteinizing hormone, and hyperinsulinemia. The cause of ovulatory dysfunction is not well understood, but is linked to abnormal follicle growth and development within the ovary. As a result, infertility is common among women with PCOS and, in many instances, is the initial presenting complaint. Insulin resistance and obesity are frequently associated with PCOS and probably contribute to the severity of symptoms. The polycystic ovary that accompanies the syndrome has recently been defined as having 12 or more follicles per ovary or an ovarian volume greater than 10 ml as determined by ultrasonography. In addition, there is an increased number of growing follicles in the polycystic ovary. Despite this distinctive appearance, the cause and development of the polycystic ovary are completely unknown.
多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）女性的症状包括多毛症和由于卵巢雄激素过多及慢性无排卵导致的月经出血不规律。通常，这些特征在青春期后期或之后不久出现。导致卵巢雄激素产生增加的假定机制包括卵泡膜细胞对促性腺激素刺激的反应性增强、垂体促黄体生成素分泌增加以及高胰岛素血症。排卵功能障碍的原因尚不完全清楚，但与卵巢内卵泡生长和发育异常有关。因此，不孕在PCOS女性中很常见，而且在许多情况下，是最初出现的主诉。胰岛素抵抗和肥胖经常与PCOS相关，可能会加重症状的严重程度。该综合征所伴随的多囊卵巢最近被定义为经超声检查确定每个卵巢有12个或更多卵泡或卵巢体积大于10毫升。此外，多囊卵巢中生长卵泡的数量增加。尽管有这种独特的外观，但多囊卵巢的病因和发展完全未知。
