Harrad Stuart, Ibarra Catalina, Diamond Miriam, Melymuk Lisa, Robson Matthew, Douwes Jeroen, Roosens Laurence, Dirtu Alin Constantin, Covaci Adrian
Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, Public Health Building, School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
Environ Int. 2008 Feb;34(2):232-8. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.008. Epub 2007 Sep 25.
Because of the similarities in European and North American dietary exposure, it has been suggested that the order of magnitude higher body burdens in North Americans may be due to international variations in exposure via ingestion of indoor dust. Furthermore, ingestion of indoor dust has been suggested as a possible source of PBDEs in the blood serum of New Zealanders. Hence, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in domestic indoor dust from: Amarillo/Austin, Texas, US; Birmingham, UK; Toronto, Canada; and Wellington, New Zealand. Concentrations of BDE 209 in two UK samples were - at 520,000 and 100,000 ng g(-1) - the highest ever recorded in a domestic (or office) indoor dust sample. Median concentrations in ng g(-1) were: in Canada 620 and 560 for Sigmatri-hexa-BDEs and BDE 209 respectively; in New Zealand 96, BDE 209 not determined; in the UK 59 and 2,800; and in the US 1600 and 1300. With respect to BDE 209, concentrations were in the order: UK approximately US>Canada. For Sigmatri-hexa-BDEs, the order of concentrations was US approximately Canada>>New Zealand approximately UK. Combined with principal component analysis of congener patterns, this suggests that, while North American dusts are contaminated by both Deca- and Penta-BDE commercial formulations, UK dusts are contaminated predominantly by Deca-BDE. The Octa-BDE formulation appears of minimal importance in accordance with available market demand figures. Despite the commercial formulations of PBDEs never having been manufactured in, nor imported into New Zealand, their presence in dusts from that country suggests international trade in PBDE-containing goods is an important pathway effecting their global distribution.
由于欧洲和北美的饮食暴露情况存在相似性，有人提出北美人身体负担高出一个数量级可能是由于通过摄入室内灰尘造成的国际暴露差异。此外，有人认为摄入室内灰尘可能是新西兰人血清中多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）的一个来源。因此，对来自以下地区的家庭室内灰尘中的多溴二苯醚进行了测量：美国得克萨斯州阿马里洛/奥斯汀；英国伯明翰；加拿大多伦多；以及新西兰惠灵顿。英国两个样本中BDE 209的浓度分别为520,000和100,000 ng g(-1)，是家庭（或办公室）室内灰尘样本中记录到的最高浓度。以ng g(-1)为单位的中位数浓度分别为：加拿大，西格玛三至六溴二苯醚和BDE 209分别为620和560；新西兰，BDE 209未测定，为96；英国为59和2,800；美国为1600和1300。关于BDE 209，浓度顺序为：英国≈美国>加拿大。对于西格玛三至六溴二苯醚，浓度顺序为：美国≈加拿大>>新西兰≈英国。结合同系物模式的主成分分析，这表明，虽然北美灰尘受到十溴二苯醚和五溴二苯醚商业配方的污染，但英国灰尘主要受到十溴二苯醚的污染。根据现有的市场需求数据，八溴二苯醚配方的重要性似乎最小。尽管多溴二苯醚的商业配方从未在新西兰生产或进口到该国，但它们在该国灰尘中的存在表明含多溴二苯醚商品的国际贸易是影响其全球分布的重要途径。
