Harrad Stuart, Ibarra Catalina, Robson Matthew, Melymuk Lisa, Zhang Xianming, Diamond Miriam, Douwes Jeroen
Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
Chemosphere. 2009 Jun;76(2):232-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.020. Epub 2009 Apr 7.
Ingestion of indoor dust has been highlighted as an important pathway of exposure to brominated flame retardants. Hence, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in indoor dust from homes in Amarillo/Austin, TX, USA (n=20; median concentration=200 ng Sigma PCB g(-1)); Birmingham, UK (n=20; 48 ng Sigma PCB g(-1)); Toronto, Canada (n=10; 260 ng Sigma PCB g(-1)); and Wellington, New Zealand (n=20; 46 ng Sigma PCB g(-1)). Concentrations in Canadian and US samples were statistically indistinguishable, but exceeded significantly (p<0.05) those in both New Zealand and UK dust. Principal component analysis revealed that while UK samples were enriched comparatively in lower molecular weight congeners; samples from other countries contained proportionally more mid-to-high molecular weight congeners. Concentrations of PCBs determined in air from the same 10 Canadian homes showed concentrations (median=4.9 ng Sigma PCB m(-3)) higher than those reported previously for UK homes (1.8 ng Sigma PCB m(-3)). Interpretation of these data alongside that for dietary exposure from other studies suggest that indoor exposures (i.e. air and dust combined) may be a significant contributor to overall exposure for the majority of the population - ranging from 4.3% to 87% in adults and 1.6-73% in toddlers. While inhalation is the principal indoor pathway under a typical dust ingestion scenario, exposure via dust ingestion exceeds that from either inhalation or diet for a small proportion of North American toddlers.
吸入室内灰尘已被视为接触溴化阻燃剂的重要途径。因此，对来自美国得克萨斯州阿马里洛/奥斯汀（n = 20；中位浓度 = 200 ng ΣPCB g⁻¹）、英国伯明翰（n = 20；48 ng ΣPCB g⁻¹）、加拿大多伦多（n = 10；260 ng ΣPCB g⁻¹）和新西兰惠灵顿（n = 20；46 ng ΣPCB g⁻¹）家庭的室内灰尘中的多氯联苯（PCBs）进行了测定。加拿大和美国样本中的浓度在统计学上无显著差异，但显著高于（p < 0.05）新西兰和英国灰尘中的浓度。主成分分析表明，英国样本中相对富含较低分子量的同系物；而其他国家的样本中中到高分子量的同系物比例更高。对来自加拿大10个相同家庭的空气样本中PCBs的测定结果显示，其浓度（中位值 = 4.9 ng ΣPCB m⁻³）高于此前报道的英国家庭的浓度（1.8 ng ΣPCB m⁻³）。将这些数据与其他研究中关于膳食暴露的数据一同解读表明，室内暴露（即空气和灰尘暴露之和）可能是大多数人群总体暴露的重要来源——在成年人中占4.3%至87%，在幼儿中占1.6%至73%。在典型的灰尘吸入情况下，吸入是主要的室内暴露途径，但对于一小部分北美幼儿而言，通过灰尘摄入的暴露量超过了吸入或饮食暴露量。
